1. Basic information
IRL (Indy CarSeries) isolated in 1996 by the former Federal Tony George from Carter series (CART) out of the tournament formerly known as Indy R
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Indy racing acing League, starting in 2004 changed their name to Indy Car Series, while before 1995, CART has been named IndyCar. One of the events under the FIA (FIA) Racing Club, nominally subject to its jurisdiction, but in fact the basic events on their own operations. exposed four single-seat vehicle using pure race track overall configuration similar to a car with Formula, using a cylinder 8, the use of ethanol as fuel, output power of 600 hp, schedule events according to the type of circuit, from shorter to about 800 kilometers 280 kilometers. Indianapolis 500 Mile Race in the United States motor racing’s most important event, the highest prize money up to the audience. Indianapolis 500 Mile Race was a Formula One World Championship in the United States, but it is an independent event, like the World Endurance Championship of Europe in the Le Mans 24 hour race the same. American racers want to win Indy champion, it is more important than winning the United States Formula One World Championship.
Indy contest is not just the United States to participate in the racing world, the European car industry is also very seriously. American racer stressed Indy contest arc circling game, with their different skills and strategies in Europe racetrack racing.
IRL
Competition IRL track divided into four categories: non-persistent urban areas runways, runway conventional roads, runways fixed oval, elliptical, and super high-speed track (Indianapolis 500 Mile Race runway fall into this category).
INDYCAR compared with Formula 1, from the appearance very similar, but their internalThey are quite different. Formula One commonly used displacement of 3. SL, 12 cylinders or less, without turbocharger naturally aspirated engine using unleaded gasoline as fuel, the octane number can not exceed 102RON oil per game may not exceed 220L, racing minimum mass 505kg. INDYCAR are in lightweight, displacement 2.65L, 8-cylinder turbocharged engine the following, non-volatile using methanol as a fuel.
INDYCAR weight ratio of Formula 1, it weighs slightly more than 700kg, which limits the weight ratio of 40% by weight of a Formula One racing. Most INDYCAR to meet minimum weight requirements in the game, had to put a large number of ballast.
Formula active suspension can be used, a clutch control system, anti-lock braking system, a semi-automatic shift apparatus may be employed; in INDYCAR prohibit the use of these devices. Not allowed on INDYCAR advanced electronic devices, it is common to use a high clutch, ordinary shift devices.
INDYCAR can travel in a variety of track, the front and rear fender, the entire aerodynamic housing (including the hood), the suspension means are quite different at different game arena. In INDYCAR, the total amount of fuel is limited, each match each car is assigned to a certain fuel tank capacity is defined as 15lL, which makes a team during the game and the final stage, different strategies. INDYCAR compared to Formula One racing, both big and heavy but the structure is simple, but that does not mean that it is slower than an F1 car. Throughout the course of Indy car racing, riders can fully show their technique, courage, courage and experience.
Indy racing 3, classification and description of the car
Formula One car race
This is the car one kind of competition venues. Racing manufacturing program must be developed vehicle technology regulations issued pursuant to the rules of the International Automobile Federation, including body structure, length and width, minimum weight, engine volume, number of cylinders, fuel tank capacity, electronics, tires and large distancesAnd small.Formula different levels of manufacturing program. Items belonging to Formula One motor racing are: F1, F-3000, F-3, Formula Asia, unlimited equation, Formula Ford, Formula Renault, Formula Karting and so on.
Formula One (F1 / Formula 1)
Formula One Grand Prix (Grand Prix Formula One abbreviation: F1) Grand Prix is the world’s fastest the cost of the most expensive, most technical race, Formula One is the highest level of auto racing competition. Racing held the first racetrack in the world in 1900 in Melun, France. Modern Formula One World Championship in 1950 in the British Silverstone racing circuit started, now held 16 games a year, by the International Automobile Federation to arrange the game. which was originally defined as “a vehicle with at least four wheels are not in a line, wherein at least two wheels for steering, wheels for driving at least two.” More specific definition refers to the volume of the cylinder 3.5-liter, about 600 horsepower, a top speed of 315 km of Formula One racing. Here the “formula” takes the meaning of a certain format, i.e., strict rules by weight, length, width, distance and size of the tire of the car. In all Formula One racing, Formula One racing is the most senior level.
FIA F1 racing cars in claim displacement of 3L, 12 cylinders or less, without turbocharger naturally aspirated engine. F1 car chassis employed for the manufacture of carbon fiber, very light weight, very strong. Racing chassis low, only 50-70 mm minimum clearance from the ground. Compared with ordinary cars, F1 racing has many unique places, it’s thin body and long, low ride height, very conspicuous large wheels, and is fully exposed, the so-called “open-wheel”(Open Wheel).
per F1 racing car manufacturers are world famous masterpiece. Such a car worth more than seven million dollars or even less than the value of a small plane. F1 car racing, racing is not only the courage and wisdom of driving skills competition, also in the back of science and technology competition between major car company. Ford Motor company on the image of the car contest as a “high-tech Olympics” launched in the new racing car contest, from design to manufacture a coalescence of many developer of the effort, and represents the latest high-tech company and the level of a country’s automobile competition or the quality of the national science and technology talent contest. the German approximately more than 2,000 professionals directly involved in car design, manufacturing and research work, about 1 million people in the United States; Japan is the largest, estimated that about nearly 2 million people
all the drivers in F1 competition. They are picked and chose through the world of motor racing’s elite. every rider among the top in F1 competition, must go through multiple stages of selection times, such as small car racing, the three Grade equation (F3) car racing, etc., called the five-off, killing six, but to become a world champion, but not easy. He must be experienced and set racing technology, talent and morale in one. [123 ]
in accordance with the relevant provisions of the FIA, the world each year to have qualified to drive a F1 racing driver in the world no more than 100 players all driving F1 car, must hold a FIA issued a “super driver’s license”; every year only a few excellent riders to qualify for the finals
F1 competition must choose very different geographical conditions of the stadium each year some 16 election on the plateau, where the air is thin for physical fitness test driver;.. some is strung street circuit, there is relatively narrow, winding road, the driver will fix the crash; some racing games on the road appears wide, but there are technical on the downhill test driver; there’s racing circuit built in the lush trees forest, where the runway ups and downs, the driver is difficult to control the car. Since the car often unexpected, FISA requires that all host country racing circuit must have sufficient grass buffer. each stadium ambulance personnel Must be distributed in every corner of the audience, for the moment the accident, ran into the site, for emergency treatment.
are required to enter each car in the car three days beforeTest line, and arranged according to the starting rank test lap. Usually at the time of the test, a total of 28-30 cars for participating in time, but in the end only take the first 26 cars to race. The official start of the race, all the drivers have been far from the starting position by qualifying. The top six can score. The first 10 points, 6 points is second, the third to sixth are 4-1 minutes.
Formula One cars field events. Car using four exposed pure single seat track with a similar Formula, Formula and shape, but smaller, minimum weight of 455 kg, with a cylinder 4, a total working volume of 2 liters naturally aspirated gasoline engine, an output power of about 170 horsepower.
Formula 3000 (F3000 / Formula 3000)
3.0 liter Formula car race. Formula One race car project site. It has an international Grand Prix competitions. Use of four-wheel racing single-seat exposed pure track with Formula One racing, equipped with eight-cylinder, working a total volume of 3 liter naturally aspirated gasoline engine, the output power of about 475 horsepower.
Renault (Formula Renault)
Formula Renault 2000 is the world’s most famous and popular one Formula One racing, the tournament is to promote the development by the French Renault group up, Formula One racing manufactured by the Italian company TATUUS, the class single-seater racing horsepower to 200HP, one hour can reach a top speed of 260 km. Formula Renault 2000 car perfect combination of good performance and price guarantees its popularity in the world, this 2000 car manufacturing over 700 per year. 2000 Renault Formula One motor racing to young people interested in the world of driving skills and provides a physical and mental state of learning to adapt and improve the environment for them to F1’s top events of the sport, become stars of the future to do under the bedding. Formula Renault 2000 race held so far since 2000, just four years, has successfully put Kimi Raikkonen (McLaren), MaSa (Sauber) and Klein (Jaguar) into the big stage F1.
Asian Formula (Formula ASIA)
Formula One race car project site, to carry out limited in Asia. Car using four exposed pure single seat track with a similar Formula, and Formula Three specifications body, with a naturally aspirated gasoline engine “Ford” 4 cylinder working volume of 2 liters total output power of about 160 horsepower. In recent years there have been Formula BMW Asia is Asia’s popular Formula One racing.
rally
road conditions Rally is very complex, each piece of special sections as a race, such as a race full of twists and turns at the winding mountain road, another race is It is a dark forest dirt road. Rally route is the same, but not on the same flight, but a next one, each at different stages of a race record time required by the referees, the shortest total time is the winner.
Large Rally team often consists of dozens of players and a variety of vehicles, of which there are responsible for passing information to a motorcycle, a truck load of spare parts, medical vehicles, and sometimes even straight liter aircraft.
differ from ordinary cars racing on the streets, although the appearance of the same, but to participate in domestic competitions automotive requirements is more than the annual output of cars in 2500, and there are at least two modifications: safety modifications and technical modifications.
WRC World Rally Championship introduced
countries was held up at 5.14 the station’s “World Rally Championship” (World Rally Championship) in the world, referred to as the WRC. Rally from the English word “Rally”, meaning there is assembled. It represents the participating vehicles must be in strict accordance with the provisions of competition in the travel route information, within the prescribed time, place of arrival of each road closure or repair areas like maintenance requirements and provisions of game time other projects. Since the game is not only the level of the test riders, but also with the test, the vehicle’s performance and maintenance of the power of the pilot. Therefore, no round for a player or team isItem very complex and comprehensive test. Rally’s stage as an ordinary road after various temporary closure, including the winding mountain road, gravel road, muddy road, snow road mountains and hills, it is also not closed desert, desert, grassland and other locations. Rally interval start is to take the form of a world-seeded grid interval is 1 minute, 2 minutes the other players. Participating vehicles are the major automobile manufacturers annual production of more than 2500 of prototype cars, but have been modified to varying degrees before the competition. A group called Unlimited modified car, in addition to retain the original appearance and signs outside, almost all of the components can be retrofitted. After A standard set of modified racing, as tanks are generally strong, but they are costly, usually sponsored by the automobile manufacturers directly in order to achieve professional racing team. The so-called professional racing team is, and those famous NBA team, the same football team, regardless of the players or the staff, the annual task is to participate in the game, and the game of life rely on income. There are restrictions modified called Group N, which allows only a limited safety modifications and performance modifications, internal engine must maintain a standard road car is not allowed to change the dynamic. Due to the relatively small group N conversion costs, so much for the amateur teams and individuals selected handed use. Amateur teams and individuals participating players and other personnel, usually have their own fixed occupation, only to appear in the game in the racing venue.
A group above, N group S group or a car, is traveling on an ordinary road. Each car must also take a driver and a navigator. Drivers just drive, give full play to their own superb driving level, and pilot work are more complex, it is necessary to arrange some of the old habits during the game, but also for the drivers indicate the correct orientation for each day of the game and in the game route, and timely and accurately provide road ahead in stages in order to riders under the premise can not see the road ahead can be accurately made. It can be said, a pair of players act in harmony, co-driver is the driver’s line of sight extends, whether in front of the curve is still steep, as long as the pilot reported in a timely and accurate, as drivers can safely drive. After more than ten to twenty penalties recorded several stages to take cycling interval starting the game, finish the prescribed time whether timeout sum of all stages combined in various assembly points according to earlier report, etc. or circumstances, the least time wins . Therefore, the way to scoring rally is also the most complex.If F1 racing compared to the Rally, the former high speed, straight line up to 300 km, but the vehicle has always been honest and stay on the ground running. The rally is generally the highest average speed reached over one hundred, can reach more than 200 km when straight. Although not as fast as the speed F1, but it will be brought up when the vehicle is passing through billowing smoke, and there will be a beautiful picture of jumping, sliding, flushing, etc., more appreciation. In addition, rally driver required driving skills is very comprehensive, not only have high-speed driving on asphalt technology, but also have high-speed driving skills on a variety of complicated road gravel road, muddy road, dirt road, snow and roads. So, Rally test of the driver’s other tournament players do not have. Therefore, the special charm Rally is an important reason to attract many players to participate.
rally is divided into two main forms: one by megestrol arriving point B, which lasted fifty-six days or even fifteen or twenty days straight, long distance marathon Rally (Granada – Dakar Rally, 555 Hong Kong Beijing Rally and Paris – Moscow – Ulan Bator – Beijing Rally belong to this type of game), this type of competition held only once a year, each lasting five days to twenty ranging from a few days; a different direction each day to travel but all return to the same place, which lasted two to three days Championship series tournament, the games held every year in the number of games or more than a dozen different countries and regions. If the day of departure and return to the place as a center, then travel the route every day and are at the center outward radiation, which is shaped like a plum in general, therefore, this type of rally, also known as “Plum” Rally, WRC is the kind of game. WRC throughout the year in the world held fourteen races, each sub-station produces a pair of driver and co-driver races, the annual total score the most points in each sub-station a pair of drivers and pilots racing to be the year when the WRC world champion.
drag racing (Drag Racing)
one car field events. Competition is divided into different vehicle and engine working volume 12 – 14 levels, length of 1500 m in the two parallel, each performed on a line width of 15 m tarmac, the actual race distance is 1/4 or 1/8 miles, miles. 2 vehicles per game as a group, of elimination, division multiple rounds on until decisionA champion. The method of using the start point, the acceleration proceeds, assessment results from the starting line to the finish line of the travel time by the electronic measuring instrument.
or a specially designed jet piston dedicated racing produced, gasoline, kerosene, or methanol as fuel, vehicle weight 500-1000 kg. Wherein “Advanced enthusiasts alcohol (TAFC)” level of engine volumetric 8930CC, output power of 2500 hp, speed of 382 km / h; engine volumetric “Advanced tripod fuel vehicles (a TFD)” level is 8127CC, output power of 5000 hp, speeds of up to 460 km / h; engine output power “jet fans” level of 10,000 horsepower.
also known as “GT race.” An automobile competition venues. For the long endurance car race. Race car and sport wagon prototype sub-categories, and is divided into several levels according to the working volume of the engine. Each race car can be set 2-3 pilots, take turns driving.
annual International Motor Endurance Series is divided into 11 points, held around the world. The game is generally carried out 8-12 hours to complete the number of how many laps assessment results. There are more famous game: Le Mans (Le Mans) 24 Heures race, Japan Suzuka (Suzuka) 8 Heures race.
IRL (Indy Car)
An automobile competition venue. With a World Championship. The race originated in the United States, formerly the American Automobile Association’s tournament. 1978 by 18 Indy teams jointly established the “Indy Racing Team Championship Limited”, established the rules of the game unique event series organized car racing governing body, has developed. In 1979 he held the first race, emerging from the jurisdiction of the International Automobile Federation car race.
Similar use of the vehicle matches an overall configuration of the four exposed Formula pure single track with the car seat, but using eight-cylinder, 3.4-liter working volume of methanol as 2,6-turbocharged engine fuel The output power of 700 to 850 horsepower. According to different competition venues distance of 320 km to 800Km range.
kart race (Karting)
An automotive field game event. Equation points kart international A, B, C, E and popularity level six stages, a total of 12 levels. Use of light structural steel, longitudinal simple, non-body shell, the assembly 100CC, 4 single wheel or seat karts 125CC 250CC gasoline engine, low center of gravity, with the ring in a zigzag line, a strong sense of speed competitions.
karting is the most elementary form of the Formula One racing world, it began in 1940. Since many of the famous Formula One racers are starting from go-karts, go-kart therefore be regarded as the cradle of “F- 1” is.
a record race (Land-Speed Record-LSR)
In certain sections of the site or to create bicycle starting the car speed record of highest activity. By a car engine work capacity points A – J total of 10 levels. Today the highest rate of car tires driving record was in November 1965 by the Thermo Brothers (Summer Brother) creation, speed of 660 km / h; with jet engines powered car top speed record in 1983 by the British Richard Noble (Richard Noble) driving his own design Thrust II car created in the Salt Lake Nevada northwest, speed of 1019.89 km / h. The total power output of the engine which is 60,000 horsepower.
Cross (Rally Cross) one car road events
. It is to allow the country to inspect the car race held on the road and naturally a country road. Through the territory of several countries, with a total length of over 10,000 kilometers or intercontinental marathon cross-country race, he said. In addition to the FIA special permission, cross-country race not more than 15 days, the game must be carried out during the day. Start using a bicycle way. After each stage of the game 10 after a rest at least 18 hours.
Each stage travel distance from the set, but the maximum length of each stage of off-roadRace shall not more than 350 km, cross-country marathon shall not more than 800 km. You must use an all-wheel-drive vehicles participating in the FIA registered.
1996 FIA World Cup for the first time to implement the system of cross-country, in which there are more famous game Paris – Dakar cross-country, Tunisia international car race, Paris-Moscow-Beijing marathon cross-country car, the United Arab Emirates desert challenge and so on.
4, reference
http://www.fcaca.com/newsview.php?id=7168