suspension system is a generic term of all the force transmission means connected between the vehicle frame and axle or wheel, whose function is to pass between the wheel and the frame acting forces and moments, and the buffer passed by the uneven road the impact of the frame or body, and the resulting vibration attenuation, to ensure the smooth running car.
1. The suspension system Category
Suspension
In general, automotive suspension system and the non-independent suspension is divided into two kinds of independent suspension, non-independent suspension of a wheel mounted on whole root ends of the axle when the wheel while beating, beating the other side of the wheel accordingly, so that the whole body vibration or inclination; axle divided into two independent suspension, each wheel is independently mounted by the coil spring below the frame, when when the beating occurred while the wheel, the other side of the wheel is not affected, on both sides of the wheels can move independently, improving the stability and comfort of the car. Since people on the car ride comfort and handling stability is higher and higher, non-independent suspension systems have been gradually phased out
Because the space below the automobile body appears to be suspended in the air, how seemingly wheel suspension junction body of the air in contact with the groundClose it? This device is combined suspension system. In addition to the suspension system to support the weight of the body, also bears reduce handling and vibration during driving the vehicle is traveling and other major responsibilities.
suspension system suspension system is amazing how the function to reduce vibration during driving, keep the vehicle’s handling performance and driving it? Originally in the suspension system further comprises a shock absorber, spring, anti-roll bars, rod and other parts. Between the wheel and the vehicle body, it is a so-called suspension system, the work load of the vehicle body and take shock absorption to provide optimum ride comfort. The latest models of Toyota Wish suspension system that uses an independent MacPherson front structure, rear ETA Beam structure to provide maximum vehicle interior space.
2. The suspension mechanism assembly
spring
means for buffering the shock by deformation of the spring to absorb energy. Common spring type is “coil spring”, and “leaf spring” and “torsion bar spring” the other two being used in the car springs.
shock
to buffer the shock, and the energy absorbing means. Internal shock generated by fluid or gas pressure urges the valve body to absorb shock energy, and alleviating the vibrations. Way pneumatic shock absorbers, which generally price than those with high hydraulic manner. A small number of high-priced shock absorbers will take fluid pressure shared design.
Anti-roll bar
is similar to the “inverted U” shaped ends of the lever are respectively connected to the left and right suspension device above, when the left and right wheels are moved up and down, and the torsion bar will produce self-generation of torsion by the force generated by the leverThe reaction of the car to the left and right sides to maintain a similar level. Therefore “anti-roll bar,” also known as “torsion bar”, “anti-roll torsion bar”, “balancing pole”, “torsion balance bar”, “smooth rod” and other names.
3. The suspension link mechanism
coupled to the pole wheel and the vehicle body. The rod shape may be a simple rod shape, or it might be a structural body made of steel. After learning the basic elements of the suspension system, you can also design and automotive engineers as a combination of a suspension system.
4. The suspension system Category
non-independent suspension system
The structural characteristics of non-independent suspension system on both sides of the wheel connected by a unitary frame wheel together with the axle by elastic suspension system suspended below the frame or body. Non-independent suspension system has a simple structure, low cost, High strength, easy maintenance, traffic in small changes in wheel alignment advantages, but because of its comfort and steering stability are poor, substantially no longer used in modern passenger cars, trucks and is used in the bus.
independent suspension system
is independent suspension system on each side of the wheel is individually suspended in the frame or body system below by elastic suspension. Its advantages are: light weight, reducing the impact received by the vehicle body, and improves the adhesion of the ground wheels; available small spring stiffness of softer, improve the comfort of the car; the engine can be lowered position, the center of gravity cars also reduced so improve vehicle driving stability; beat separate left and right wheels, independent of each other, can be reduced and vibration of the vehicle body is inclined. However, independent suspension system, there is a complex structure, high cost and inconvenience of maintenance shortcomings. Independent suspension system can be divided into horizontal arm, a vertical arm, multi-link, and the candle McPherson suspension system.
wishbone suspension system
wishbone suspension system refers to the plane of the wheel in the vehicle transverse swing independent suspension system, according to the amount of the number of traverse is divided into single and double wishbone suspension wishbone . Single transverse arm having a simple structure, high roll center, there is a strong advantage roll resistance. But with the increased speed of modern cars, the roll center is too high will cause large changes in wheel hop track, tire wear increased, but at a sharp turn around the wheel vertical force transfer is too large, leading to the rear wheel camber is increased, reducing the rear cornering stiffness, resulting in a high-speed tail flick serious situation. Single wishbone independent suspension system in multiple applications on the rear suspension system, but can not meet the requirements of high speed, is divided into equal length double wishbone unequal length and type two double wishbone suspension system. Other long double wishbone type wheel suspension system beating down, the kingpin inclination can be maintained unchanged, but the track changes (and similar single transverse arm), resulting in severe tire wear, is now rarely used. For unequal length double wishbone suspension system, may be suitably selected to optimize the length of the upper and lower wishbone, and reasonable arrangement, it is possible to track and wheel alignment parameters are within the acceptable limit, ensure the car good driving stability.
double wishbone independent suspension
double-wishbone suspension is recognized as the best handling is one of the majority of sports performance and even the use of F1 cars are double-wishbone suspension structure also called double a-arm suspension, or a double wishbone suspension, is a kind of double wishbone suspension. Structurally speaking school, double-wishboneSuspension is arguably the most robust independent suspension. As we all know, the triangle is the most stable geometry, double-wishbone suspension in two upper and lower A-arms have a stable structure similar to a triangle, not only has sufficient torsional strength, and two upper and lower A-arm to the transverse forces have good guiding effect, so when using the double-wishbone suspension in performance sports car, it can suppress a good roll of the vehicle during cornering, [while, if used in SUV, it is possible to cope with extreme off-road traffic conditions huge impact brought down. As we all know, the positioning parameters before and after four outer wheel angle, the amount of wheel toe, the kingpin and kingpin inclination angle for the vehicle performance, especially great influence handling characteristics of the vehicle. When the vehicle is in motion, these values will vary and change parameters once these items is too large, it will exacerbate the wear of the wheel and the steering mechanism, leading to significantly lower vehicle’s handling performance. In the double-wishbone suspension structure, these items are positioned precisely adjustable parameters, and since the structure has a double-wishbone high degree of freedom in the design engineer can arrange the space bar by the guide hinge point position and the length of the control arm, the positioning parameter of the narrow range, so as to enhance the overall handling stability of the vehicle. Family car market there are many uses double wishbone suspension similar to the double wishbone structure, if the structure according to points, a double wishbone suspension is a double wishbone suspension of a special type, they are essentially the structure It is the same, only two double-wishbone arm using a shape or a wishbone arm. Due to the need to reserve space sufficient shock strut movement, this type of double wishbone suspension, also typically on the arm structure using fork arm and the lower arm or arm L will use the link arm. Double wishbone suspension and double-wishbone suspension has many similarities, but the structure is simpler than the double-wishbone these can also be called a simplified version of the double-wishbone suspension. With double-wishbone suspension as double wishbone suspension lateral rigidity is relatively large, generally up and down swing arm unequal length. While some of the double wishbone upper and lower arms can not play the role of a longitudinal guide, but also an additional lever guide. This double wishbone relatively simpler structure double wishbone suspension performance between McPherson suspension and between the double-wishbone suspension, has a good sports performance, the structure of the overall double-wishbone front axle is also off-road SUV classic hardcore structure. Like the Jeep Grand Cherokee, Toyota Prado and Volkswagen Touareg, the front suspension are used double-wishbone suspension structure. Of course, double-wishbone suspension has itsThe disadvantage that with respect to the McPherson suspension, its structure is more complicated, larger space, high cost, and therefore not suitable for small car front suspension, in addition, requires accurate location parameters determined and calculated calibration, for the manufacturer’s technical strength is relatively high.
The multi-link suspension system
The multi-link suspension system is a combination of (3-5) up the control rod member change position of the wheel suspension system. The multi-link enables the wheels with the vehicle longitudinal axis about two axes within a predetermined pivot angle, and is a cross-arm vertical arm compromise, suitably selected axis of the swing arm to the car longitudinal axis angle, advantages can be obtained in varying degrees to the longitudinal arm wishbone suspension system, to meet different performance requirements. Multi-link suspension system main advantages are: the wheels and track runout toe little change, regardless of the car is driving, the braking state as intended by the driver can be smoothly turned, its shortcomings are cars when the high-speed shaft swing phenomenon.
The trailing arm suspension system
The trailing arm type independent suspension system refers to the longitudinal plane of the wheel in the swing car suspension system configuration, the trailing arm is divided into single and double vertical arm in two forms. Angle will have a greater change in the kingpin single vertical arm up and down when the wheel suspension system, so a single trailing arm suspension system without the steering wheel. Double trailing arm suspension system is generally made of two swing arms of equal length, forming a parallel four-bar linkage, so that, after the up and down when the wheel angle kingpin remains unchanged. Double trailing arm suspension system in the multi-application steering wheel.
candle suspension system
candle suspension system is characterized by the structure of the wheel is moved along the main line pin rigidly fixed to the frame. Candle advantage suspension system that is: when the suspension system modification, the positioning angle of the kingpin does not change, only the track, wheelbase slight change, and therefore is particularly advantageous for steering vehicle steering stability and driving stability. But the candle type suspension system has a big disadvantage: when the lateral force is the car running will all be set by the kingpin kingpin sleeve bear, resulting in increased friction between the sleeve and the kingpin, wear is also more serious. Candle suspension system has been much applied.
McPherson suspension system
McPherson suspension wheel suspension system are slidable along the main pin, but not identical candle suspension system, it can swing the kingpin, wheat Jefferson swing arm type suspension system with a suspension system candle binding. The double wishbone suspension systemAdvantages over the McPherson suspension system are: Compact, the wheel runout small changes in front wheel alignment, good steering stability, coupled with the lifting of the arm, and the engine is arranged with the steering system to facilitate; suspension system compared to a candle, the lateral force its spool to have been greatly improved. McPherson suspension multi-application system on the front suspension system for small and medium cars, Porsche 911, Audi, Santana, Xiali, Beverly and other cars of the front suspension are McPherson independent suspension system. While McPherson suspension system is not the highest-tech suspension system structure, but it is still a durable independent suspension system, it has a strong ability to adapt to the road.
Active Suspension System
The active suspension system is developed in the last ten years, a new computer-controlled suspension system. It brings together the technical knowledge of mechanics and electronics, it is a more complex high-tech devices. Means the active suspension system, for example, French Citroen Sang Diya, the vehicle suspension system of the central nervous system is a microcomputer, five types of sensors in the suspension system of the vehicle speed are respectively transmitted to the microcomputer, the front wheel brake pressure, speed of movement of the accelerator pedal depression, amplitude and frequency data in the vertical direction of the vehicle body, the steering speed and steering wheel angle. Computer continuously receives these data and compared with a predetermined threshold value, select the appropriate suspension system state. Meanwhile, the microcomputer independent control actuators on each wheel only, by controlling the changes in the hydraulic shock absorber generates tic, which can produce motion of suspension system to meet the requirements at any time on any wheel. Therefore, Sang Diya car a wide range of driving mode selection, as long as motorists pulled the deputy located on the dashboard of a “normal” or “sport” button, the car will automatically set the optimum suspension system status, in order to most good comfort performance. Active suspension system having a control function of body movements. When the inertia brake or turn causes deformation of the spring, active suspension system will generate a force antagonistic to the inertia force, to reduce the variation in the position of the vehicle body. For example, paragraph 2000 Benz Cl sports car, the suspension system sensors will immediately detect the tilt and lateral acceleration of the vehicle body when the vehicle is cornering. Computer according to information from the sensor, compared with the calculated threshold value set in advance, immediately determine what position on how much load is applied to the suspension system, so that the inclination of the vehicle body is minimized.
He liters of air in the vehicle suspension system with air suspension conventional steel spring suspension compared, Air suspension has many advantages, the most important point is that the spring constant of the spring hardness is automatically adjusted as required. For example, the suspension can be hardened at high speed, in order to improve the stability of the vehicle body; and low speed for a long time, the control unit considers the road is bumpy, thereby regulating the suspension softened to improve comfort. But the drawback is the technology is not very mature, thus affecting the sealing system easily damaged suspension system!