arranged in the form of a cylinder, as the name implies, refers to the respective cylinders arranged in the form of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, straightforward to say, is discharged from the queue in the form of an engine on a cylinder.
The current mainstream engine cylinders are arranged in the form:
L: line
V: V-type arrangement
other cylinders arrangement:
W: W-shaped arrangement
H: boxer engine
R: rotary engine
line engine
inline engine, generally abbreviated to L, for example L4 represents the inline four-cylinder means. Line layout is now the most widely used form of cylinder arrangement, in particular on the following 2.5L displacement engine. All the cylinders of the engine according to this arrangement is the same angle and are arranged in a plane, and only one cylinder head, the cylinder and the crank while its structure is also relatively simple, they stood in a cylinder like a column.
“straight-6 engine.”
Specifically, we have a common substantially L3, L4, L5, L6 type four cylinder number (number represents ). The advantage of this arrangement is that the engine compact size, high stability, low-speed torque characteristics and less fuel consumption, of course, also means that less expensive to manufacture. Meanwhile, the use of in-line cylinder engine layout volume is relatively compact, it can be adapted to a more flexible layout. Booster means arranged to also convenient class. But its main disadvantage is that the power of the engine itself is low, is not suitable for vehicles equipped with more than 6 cylinders. 
V-type engine
The so-called V-type engine, simply means that all cylinders divided into two groups, the adjacent cylinders are arranged with a certain angle (about two cylinder center angle gamma line; <180deg;), so that the two cylinders form a plane angle, viewed from the side of the cylinder V-shape (usually an angle of 60deg;), so called V-type engine.
We compared with inline layout format described above, V-type engines and shortens the length of the body height, and a lower mounting positionSet designer may facilitate a lower drag coefficient of the vehicle body, while thanks to the arrangement of the cylinders, may offset a portion of the vibration, the engine running more smoothly. For example, some smooth and comfortable driving experience pursuit of high-class models, or insist on the use of large-displacement V-engine layout, without using more technologically advanced ldquo; small displacement in-line layout engine + type supercharger rdquo; combination of power .
In summary: we can understand, engine cylinder V-shaped layout, can be said to overcome the disadvantages of traditional in-line layout on the structural level, but again, precision the design makes the manufacturing process more complicated, since the width of the body while the large, easy to install nor other auxiliary devices.
W-type engine
Many people think like cylinder V-type engine are arranged in a V-shape as W type arrangement form a cylinder of the engine must also be W-shaped, it is not true, it is only approximately W-shaped arrangement, also should belong strictly V-type engine, a variant is at least V-type engine.
W-type engines, W-type engine is the exclusive Volkswagen engine technology. Each side of the cylinder V-type engine then shifted small angle, it would be W-type engine. Or W-type arrangement form of the engine cylinder is smaller by two V-shaped to form a V-shaped, two V-type engine share a crankshaft. Strictly speaking W type engine further variants should belong to the V-type engine.
W-type engine as compared with the V-type engine can be made shorter for the crankshaft can be shorter, this will save space occupied by the engine, but also to lighten the weight, but its larger width, so that the engine compartment fuller.
The biggest problem
W is engine by the engine as a whole is divided into two portions, when in operation will inevitably lead to large vibration. To solve this problem, the public in the W-type engine designed with two counter-rotating balance shafts, so that the vibration of the two parts cancel each other internally.
W currently the only engine of Volkswagen’s other brands and its vehicles, such as the oldW8, Volkswagen Phaeton, Bentley Continental and the Audi A8 W12 and W16 Bugatti’s Passat.
boxer engine
In the above described V-type cylinder arrangement, when the engine has already been mentioned, the angle formed by the V-layout usually 60deg; (about two column cylinder axis angle gamma; <180deg;), and the boxer engine cylinder angle is 180 degrees. But the manufacturing cost and process difficulty boxer engine is quite high, so currently the world's only two manufacturers Porsche and Subaru in use.
Advantages:
The biggest advantage of boxer engine is a low center of gravity. Because of its cylinder is ldquo; flat rdquo ;, not only reduces the center of gravity of the car, also designed so that the front and a flat, low, these factors can enhance the car’s driving stability. Meanwhile, horizontally opposed cylinders symmetrical layout is a stable structure, which makes the smooth operation of the engine better than V-type engine, the power loss is minimal runtime. Of course, lower center of gravity and equilibrium distribution is also vehicles with better handling.
Disadvantages:
why other manufacturers have not developed horizontally opposed engine it? In addition because the boxer structure is more complex, there are other issues such as oil lubrication is difficult to solve. Tap the cylinder because of gravity, the oil will flow to the bottom side of the cylinder are not sufficient lubrication. Apparently Porsche and Subaru are very good to solve the numerous technical problems, but high-precision manufacturing requirements also brings higher maintenance costs, and because the body is wider, which is not conducive to the layout.
The rotary engine of
compared to the common L-type, V-type cylinder arrangement form may be a lot of friends triangle rotary engine feel strange. The rotary engine is also known as the Miller cycle engine, the German Feijia Shi bull; Wankel invention, After the technology was acquired by Mazda. We know that: the traditional cylinder reciprocating engine, when the working piston reciprocating linear motion in the cylinder, and to the linear motion of the piston into rotational movement, the toggle mechanism must be used. Rotary engine is different, it can be directly expansion force of the combustion gas is converted to driving torque. Compared with reciprocating engines, rotary engines cancel unwanted linear motion, and thus the same power of the rotor smaller engine size, light weight, and low vibration and noise, has great advantages.
Principle: When the triangle rotor is rotated, a triangular rotor center and the center of the ring gear output shaft center to the center of the gear, the gear fixed to the cylinder a non-rotating, the ring gear ratio of the gear teeth is 3: 2. Triangular relationship so that the apex of the moving trajectory of the rotor (i.e., the shape of the cylinder wall) like ldquo; 8rdquo; glyph. The triangle rotor cylinder is divided into three separate spaces, each space has three complete intake, compression, power and exhaust, triangular rotor rotates once, the engine ignition work three times. Each of the rotor and the rotor rotation of the engine to do work once.
and a general four-cycle engine per two rotations compared to only one for power, high power volume ratio (volume of the engine can output more smaller force) advantage. Further, since the axial direction of the rotor of the engine running characteristics, it does not require precise balancing crank can achieve a higher operating speed. Only two entire engine rotating member, and a general four-cycle engine having a plurality of active members twenty intake and exhaust valves and the like greatly simplified compared to the configuration, the possibility of failure is greatly reduced.
In addition to the above advantages, the advantages of the rotary engine also comprises a small size, light weight, low center of gravity and the like. The corresponding disadvantage is the engine after a period of use is easy because the seal material wear and tear caused by leakage problems, increased fuel consumption. In addition to its unique mechanical structure caused by this type of engine is more difficult to repair.
VR engine
VR engine is VW’s proprietary product, in 1991, Volkswagen developed a 15deg ; V6 2.8L engine angle, Called the VR6, and mounted on the third generation Golf. This compact engine, close to the line width of the engine, than the length of the inline four-cylinder engine much longer.
It is well known for a V-type 6-cylinder engines, 60 degree angle is optimized design, which is the result of numerous scientific experiments argued results. Thus most of the V6 engine are using this form of arrangement. But in order to lay down a V6 engine in a smaller space, another way of Volkswagen Group developed a angle of 15 degrees, the smaller the VR6 engine. The dynamic parameters from the point of view, it is not inferior to the normal V6 engine, but at the beginning of the development has exposed significant jitter problems. By means of a series of balance and stability, although the problem can be significantly improved. But it still can not go beyond changing its properties on the structure itself, just like ordinary shock inline engine is usually greater than V-type engine, like a smaller angle VR6 from the structure itself will determine its shock will be greater than V6. Such as Volkswagen’s Golf R32, EOS and other vehicles have been equipped with this engine.
VR engine cylinder angle is very small, close to parallel two cylinders, the cylinder head and spark plug hole almost in a straight line. VR is the volume of the engine characteristics are very small, it is very suitable for front-engine VW platform, because the public front-engine front-drive chassis design are vertical type, and the engine so that the engine is not too long before the front axle otherwise it is difficult to arrange the front suspension. This engine is very compact, although the V-cylinder engine, but the two-phase cylinder close off so only one cylinder head can get lower than 90 degrees and 60 degrees angle V6 cost much (because ordinary cylinder unit V two cylinder heads must be processed if it is a DOHC V-cylinder engine camshaft 4 also need to process, so the cost is very high).
“Volkswagen VR6 engine”
On the basis of the VR engine on, Volkswagen also developed the W12 engine, because the front engine Volkswagen vehicle platforms are usually used in arrangements. That engine was installed before the front axle. Due to limited space, so the compactness of the engine makes high requirements. Ordinary Mercedes and BMW V12 engine length used a lot in publicThe car is clearly not feasible. Thus engineers want both public VR6 engine cylinder at a certain angle together, manufactured with a W-type 12 cylinder engine has four cylinders. It fully utilizes the advantages of compact VR engine, the machine 12 so that this super-cylinder V6 engine only normal length.
“Audi W12 engine.”