What is a battery?

1, Detailed description

Battery is a battery cell, which is able to effect limited energy stored, used where appropriate. Its working principle is to convert chemical energy into electrical energy.

It is filled with a lead plate as a negative electrode of spongy lead, lead dioxide filled as a positive electrode grid, and with 22 to 28% sulfuric acid as the electrolyte. During charging, electrical energy into chemical energy, and chemical energy into electrical energy discharge. The battery during discharge, the anode metal is lead, oxidation reaction, is oxidized to lead sulfate; lead dioxide positive electrode, reduction reaction, is reduced to lead sulfate. When the battery charging DC voltages, respectively, to generate bipolar lead and lead dioxide. After power is removed, it returns to the state before the discharge, the chemical composition of the battery. Is the lead-acid battery can be repeatedly charged and discharged batteries, the secondary battery is called. Its voltage is 2V, the three commonly used lead batteries in series, voltage is 6V. With the car 6 is a lead storage battery of 12V in series to the battery pack. In the lead-acid battery used for some time to add sulfuric acid electrolyte containing 22 to 28% retention of sulfuric acid.

to

discharge electrode reaction: PbO2 + 4H + + SO42- + 2e- = PbSO4 + 2H2O
the anode reaction: Pb + SO42- – 2e- = PbSO4
Total reaction: PbO2 + Pb + 2H2SO4 === 2PbSO4 + 2H2O (reaction is discharged to the right, left reaction charge)

application of the battery is widely used, it can be used for UPS, electric cars, scooters, cars, wind and solar systems, safety alarm etc.,.

Lead-acid battery main products are the following, which was distributed as follows:
starting type batteries: used in cars, motorcycles, tractors, diesel engine starting and lighting;
Fixed-type batteries : mainly used for communications, power plants, as a computer system protection, automatic control of the backup power supply;
traction batteries: mainly used for a variety of battery car, truck, forklift and other power supply;
Railway battery: mainly for railway diesel locomotives, electric locomotives, passengerVehicle starting, lighting of the power;
the storage battery: mainly used for wind power, solar power generation energy storage;

2. Principle

The principle of the battery by the chemical energy and DC energy into each other, can be restored after charge after the discharge, so as to achieve the effect of repeated use.

3, the structure

lead-acid battery is a battery. With its low price, good high rate discharge performance, wide range of applications, such as cars, motorcycles, trains, ships , communication and the like are required to use UPS. Lead-acid battery is mainly composed of a positive electrode plate, a negative plate, electrolyte, container, poles, diaphragm, and so the electrically conductive material.
(a) the positive electrode plate (positive electrode active material)
The main component of the positive electrode plate active material is lead dioxide. Having strong oxidation resistance, discharge, lead sulfate reaction, sulfuric acid and the absorption of electrons occurs, there are two types of lead dioxide crystal lattice, the other one is α-Pb02 is β-Pb02 two great differences lead dioxide active material, the positive electrode plate in which the role is not the same.? – PB02 capacity is given 1.5 ~ 3 times in α-PbO2, while α-Pb02 having good mechanical strength, its existence, the positive electrode plate active material should soften off, and only the proportion of α-Pb02 of βα-PbO2 0.8, the lead-acid battery will exhibit good performance
of the positive electrode active material in the discharged state, with a sulfuric acid electrolyte lead sulfate reacts with water reaction is as follows:.. Pb02 + 3H ++ HSO4 + 2e == PbSO4 + 2H2O when charged, under the action of the external circuit is converted to H2SO4 ρbO2 discharge, the lead dioxide anode ρb4 + accept electrons sent ρb + 2 is formed in combination with sulfate ions in the solution generating ρbSO4. when lead sulfate reached when a certain amount, the precipitate becomes attached to the electrode plate. sulfuric acid while charging The electronic lead ionsThe outer wire away converted to lead dioxide. The hydrogen ions in the water remain in the solution. Oxygen ions and lead ions incorporated into the crystal lattice to generate lead dioxide forming a positive electrode active material.
(b) a negative electrode plate (negative electrode active substance)
in the lead-acid battery, in order for the negative electrode active material reacts with the electrolyte sufficiently, it will be made porous spongy lead, also known as sponge lead during discharge, the lead line is given an outer electrons Pb +2 sulfate solution and integrated to form lead sulfate, charging, PbSO4 is first dissolved into a portion of Pb2 + and SO4.Pb + 2-electron reduction accepted into the negative electrode active material into lead lattice.
(c) an electrolyte
Sulfuric acid is an important raw material of the lead-acid battery electrolyte, sulfuric acid on the market is generally divided into two: one is concentrated sulfuric acid for industrial use, of lower purity, does not apply to lead-acid batteries; the other is a high purity analytical grade, more suitable for lead-acid batteries, a molecular weight of 98 sulfuric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid is 98 percentage content of sulfuric acid as a colorless transparent oily liquid, highly absorbent and corrosive, combined with the water, can release a lot of heat, so in the electrolyte formulation process, must pay attention to protection, in order to avoid danger, the preparation, do not add water to concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, but will slow added to the water. Lead-acid battery electrolyte formulation process, high water requirements, the number of water containing impurities, directly affect the quality of the battery. Water lead-acid battery appearance was colorless and transparent, residue content percentage should be less than 0.01. Common test standard water resistivity ([Omega] cm) or conductivity is represented, a method is relatively simple: the resistivity measurement method: using a digital multimeter allocated to the shift position at 20 M [Omega, two pen multimeter 1 cm apart, the water resistance test resistance to the 5–10MΩ.
(d) a separator
is a lead storage battery separator main components of which a great impact on the quality of the battery, the main function of the battery separator is to prevent short-circuit the positive and negative plates, batteries, the separator the requirements are: use of a porous separator, an electrolytic solution to allow free diffusion and migration of ions, have a relatively small resistance, the separator is smaller pore voids to the total area large, to prevent falling off of the active material reaches the other electrode plate. Therefore, the aperture diaphragm is smaller, the number of holes to be more.

4, the main component

Battery Main ingredients constituting a lead storage battery are as follows:

The anode plate (lead peroxide .PbO2) — gt; active substance
The cathode plate (spongy lead .Pb) — gt; active material
the electrolytic solution (dilute sulfuric acid) — gt; sulfuric acid (H2SO4) + water (H2O)
cell housing
separator plate
other (the liquid-inlet cap cover, etc.)

5, the battery capacity

automotive battery electric vehicles represent only the battery capacity in the following conditions: [123 ] ◎ electrolyte ratio 1.280 / 20 ℃
◎ current discharge current of 5 hours
◎ discharge voltage 1.70V / Cell
◎ discharge of electrolyte temperature 30 ± 2 ℃
1. discharge discharge voltage drop no-load voltage (open circuit voltage) before the discharge voltage is lower than the terminal, for the following reasons:

(1) V = EI.R
V: terminal voltage (V) I: discharge current (A )
E: internal impedance (Ω)
(2) discharge: open circuit voltage (V) R , Electrolyte specific gravity drop voltage also decreases. When the
(3) discharge, i.e., increase as the internal impedance of the battery, when fully charged if it is 1 times, when fully discharged, i.e., increased by 2 to 3 times.
When a battery voltage is lower than the voltage of the reason for lifting when walking, but since the hydraulic motor with the power of the lifting drive motor with a large ratio of walking, and therefore the discharge current is large, the above formula IR also increased. .
represents the capacity of the battery 2
in the capacity test, the relationship between the discharge rate and capacity as follows:
5HR …. 1.7V / cell
3HR …. 1.65V / cell [ 123] 1HR …. 1.55V / cell Shihai
Non reaches the voltage continues to continue to discharge, the discharge deeper, the battery temperature rises, the more serious deterioration of the active material, thereby shortening the battery life.
Thus, the battery voltage when the stacker crane when no load rose reached 1.75v / cell (42v 24cell of, 12cell of 21V), should stop using the charging immediately.
3. the capacity of the battery temperature with
When the battery temperature is lowered, its capacity will be for the following reasons significantly reduced.
(A) the electrolytic solution is not easy diffusion, chemical reaction rate becomes slow polar active substances.
(B) increases the impedance of the electrolytic solution, the battery voltage drops, the battery capacity will decline 5HR decrease with battery temperature.
Thus:
(1) is shorter than the time in winter the summer.
(2) in particular is used in the freezer of the discharge of the battery capacity, the actual day time is significantly shortened.
Ruoyu prolonged use, the winter or before entering the freezer, its temperature should increase. When
4. discharge and lifetime
Daily use for repeated charge and discharge, the battery life will be the amount due to the discharge depth, affected.
5. a specific gravity discharge and
The proportion of electrolyte battery is almost proportional to the amount of discharge. Thus, according to the specific gravity of the specific gravity of the battery 10 is fully discharged and the percentage of discharge, the discharge amount can be estimated battery. The best way to learn the amount of discharge of the
Determination of specific gravity of the electrolyte of a lead storage battery. Thus, the specific gravity was measured periodically after use, in order to avoid over-discharge, while the temperature measuring specific gravity, but also the side of the electrolyte to 20 ° C in terms of the specific gravity, so as not to discharge capacity dropped to 80 percentage value the following.
6. discharge state of the internal resistance
due to the increase internal resistance and to increase the discharge amount, in particular when the end of discharge, the impedance of the maximum, because the main discharge current is generated in such a poor conductor of the electrode plate and lead sulfate ─ decrease the specific gravity of electrolyte, have led to enhanced internal impedance, so the post-discharge, charge immediately be sure, if allowed sustaining discharge state, after the formation of stable lead sulfate as white crystals (namely said upper Document sulfuration), even if the charging , plates active material will not be able to restore the status quo ante, and will shorten the batteryUseful life.
★ white lead sulfate of
battery discharge, the cathode, while the anode plate to produce lead sulfate (PbS04), if allowed sustain discharge, no charging, the eventually formed stable white lead sulfate crystals (even then charging, and then restore the original hardly active substance) this state is referred to as a white sulfuration.
7. The temperature of the discharge in the
when the battery over-discharge, i.e., a significant increase in internal impedance, and therefore the temperature of the battery will rise. When the discharge temperature is high, the temperature will increase when the charging is completed, and therefore, the temperature at the discharge end of the control and optimally below 40 ℃.

6, battery classification

a lead-acid battery

lead-acid battery has 100 years of history, is widely used as a power source for starting an internal combustion engine vehicles. It is also mature electric car battery, it reliability, easy to get raw materials, cheap; specific power also can basically meet the power requirements of electric vehicles. But it has two major drawbacks; one is lower than the energy, accounting for much of the mass and volume, and a single charge mileage is short; the other is a short life, the cost is too high.

Nickel-hydrogen storage battery 2
nickel hydrogen storage batteries are alkaline batteries, nickel-hydrogen storage battery a longer cycle life, no memory effect, but higher prices. Its initial purchase of
the cost may be high, but because of its advantages in terms of energy and life, and therefore its long-term use of the actual cost is not high. At present, foreign production of electric vehicles nickel-hydrogen battery company is Ovonie, a joint venture of Toyota and Panasonic company. Ovonie prior 80A · h and 130A · h
two kinds of unit cells, which up to 75-80W · h / kg specific energy, the cycle life of more than 600 times. This battery is mounted on several electric vehicle trial, in which a class of vehicles on a single charge can travel 345km, a car of the year traveling more than 80,000 kilometers. Due to higher prices, not yet mass-produced. China has developed 55A.h unit cells 100A · h and specific energy of 65W · h / kg, a power density greater than 800W / kg
The nickel-hydrogen storage battery.
Lithium Ion Battery 3
A lithium ion secondary batteryAs a new high voltage, high energy density rechargeable battery, its unique physical and electrochemical properties, has a broad
prospects in commercial and defense applications. Its outstanding features are: light weight, energy storage, no pollution, no memory effect, long service life. Volume at the same weight, the lithium storage capacity of 1.6 times of the nickel hydrogen battery, nickel-cadmium battery is four times, and developed the present human use only 20 percentage to 30 percentage of the theoretical amount, the development of very promising . At the same time it is a real green battery, will not pollute the environment, is the best can be applied to electric car batteries. China began to develop from the 1990s and the use of lithium-ion batteries, has been a breakthrough, developed a completely independent intellectual property rights of lithium-ion batteries.
Nickel-cadmium batteries
degree of nickel-cadmium batteries widely used in lead-acid batteries after which the specific energy up to 55W? H / kg, a specific power of more than 190W / kg. Fast charging, long cycle life, more than twice the lead-acid battery, up to 2000 times, but 4 to 5 times the price of lead-acid batteries.
its initial acquisition cost may be high, but because of its advantages in terms of energy and life, and therefore its long-term use of the actual cost is not high. The disadvantage is that the “memory effect”, as easily lead to poor charging and discharging of the battery usable capacity decreases. It must be about ten times after use, for a complete charge and discharge, if you already have “memory effect”, should be 3 to 5 consecutive complete charge and discharge, to free memory. In addition cadmium toxic, do pay attention to the use of recycling, so as not to cause environmental pollution cadmium.
4 sodium-sulfur battery
sodium-sulfur battery advantages: a high specific energy. The theoretical specific energy of 760W h / kg, actually greater than 100W h / kg, a
3 ~ 4 times the lead-acid battery;?? Is other high current, high power discharge. Discharge current density of generally up to 200 ~ 300mA / mm2, and the instantaneous release time can be three times its inherent energy; high and then a charge and discharge efficiency. As a result of the solid electrolyte, so that usually no liquid electrolyte secondary battery self-discharge and side reactions, charge and discharge current efficiency of almost 100%. Sodium-sulfur battery drawbacks, mainly its operating temperature of 30 ~ 350 ℃, therefore, requires a certain heat insulation during battery operation. The high temperature corrosion serious, short battery life. Now has adoptedInsulation performance vacuum insulation technique, can solve this problem effectively. There is also the use of performance stability and security issues such as less than ideal. At 80 to 90
years, the development of a sodium-sulfur battery foreign key as a fixed case (e.g., power plant storage) applications, and more show its superiority. Japanese companies the most significant progress in this area. As generally optimistic about the near future of electric vehicle batteries, it has been the United States Advanced Battery Consortium (USMABC) as a medium-term development of electric car batteries, produced by the German company ABB B240K type sodium-sulfur battery, a mass of 17.5kg, the storage amount 19.2Kw? H;? specific energy 109W h / kg, the cycle life of 1200 times, while loading a test best without any trouble with the 2300km
5 nickel-zinc batteries
new nickel-zinc battery having a high quality seal energy, high power and high current discharge advantage. This advantage makes the nickel-zinc battery electric vehicle to meet the energy demands of a charging stroke, acceleration and climbing and so on. Nickel-zinc batteries are the National Energy Research Company (ERC)
development and production of products, Xiamen Battery Factory has been to work with the introduction of this product. Nickel-zinc battery cell is extremely competitive.
advantages: it is more than 50Wh / k ratio of energy, bulk energy more than nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen battery is smaller than. Large current discharge, the voltage of the battery in a wide range of balanced, and having a long service life, cycle life ≥500 times. Charging time ≤3.5h, fast charging ≤1h. Particularly worth mentioning is an anti-self-discharge charge quantity attenuation is good for one month at room temperature, the amount of self-discharge is less than 30% of the rated charge amount. At temperature 50 ℃, at C / 3 discharge, battery charge attenuation percentage of the nominal charge amount ≤10, -15 deg.] C in, C / 3 discharge ≤30 percentage. An outer lead-acid batteries and nickel-zinc battery having the good compatibility profile, where the vehicle now use lead-acid batteries, nickel-zinc batteries are changeable. From the current price of view, nickel, zinc also significantly slightly more expensive, but I think until their application volume up, prices will naturally
down. Compatibility with the contour of the lead-acid battery, nickel-zinc batteries and more convenient alternative to lead-acid battery becomes over the power supply of electric vehicles.
6 zinc-air battery
Zinc oxide, also known as zinc-air battery cell is a metal air battery. Zinc-air battery energy than the theoretical value of 1350W? H / kg, the specific energy has now reached 230Wh / kg, almost 8 times the lead-acid battery. Visible zinc-air cell development is very large. Zinc-air battery can only take zinc electrode is accessible approach “mechanical charging.” Time to replace the electrode can be completed in 3min. Put a new zinc electrode, “charge” time is very short, very convenient. If three such batteries have been developed, eliminating the need for the construction of social security of charging stations and other facilities. Zinc electrode can in the supermarket, battery management point, auto parts shops to buy, this is very beneficial to the popularity of battery electric vehicles. Such a battery with small size, high charge capacity, low mass, can work over a wide temperature range, and non-corrosive, safe and reliable, and low cost. Now charge capacity of the test cell was only 5 times the lead acid battery, not ideal. But five times the amount of charge to the lead-acid battery has attracted the attention of the world, the United States, Mexico, Singapore and some European countries have carried out trials on postal vehicles, buses, motorcycles, but also a very promising electric vehicle battery.
7 flywheel battery
flywheel battery is a new concept proposed by the battery 90 years before it broke through the limitations of chemical batteries, energy storage to achieve physically. When the flywheel rotates at a constant angular velocity, it has a certain kinetic energy. It flywheel battery in its kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy. Tech type flywheel for storing energy, much like a standard battery. Motor has a flywheel battery, the charging operation of the motor in the form of an electric motor, driven by external power, motor driven flywheel rotates at high speed, i.e., the battery power to the flywheel “charge” to increase the speed of the flywheel to increase its functionality; discharge , places the operation state of the motor generator, the output of the external power driven flywheel, complete mechanical energy (kinetic energy) is converted to electrical energy. When the battery power of the flywheel, the flywheel speed is gradually decreased, flywheel flywheel battery is operated under a vacuum environment, a very high speed (200000r / min), bearing a non-contact type magnetic bearing for use. Allegedly, the flywheel battery specific energy of up to 150W? H / kg, than the power of up to 5000 ~ 10000W / kg
, the service life of 25 years, for electric cars with 5 million kilometers.

7, technical terms used battery

1. Charging

of the battery from a DC power supply (e.g., battery charger) to do the charging electric power is obtained.

2. Discharge
When the external battery is called discharging circuit output power.
3. floating discharge
DC power supply batteries and other parallel, called the output power of the external float discharge circuit, there is required uninterruptible power supply device, backup power from batteries are in effect the kind of discharge state.
4. Emf
external circuit is disconnected, i.e. no current through the battery between the positive and negative electrode potential difference amount obtained, called the electromotive force of the battery.
5. The terminal voltage
The potential difference between the positive and negative battery voltage, called closed circuit or the battery terminal voltage.
6. The battery capacity
to the power supply capacity is usually represented by Kv · A or kW. However, VRLA batteries as a power source, the selection Ann (A · h) represents the more accurate the capacity, the battery capacity is defined as ∫t0tdt, t may tend to infinity theoretically, but in fact when the battery is lower than the discharge termination voltage is still out continues to discharge, which may damage the battery, so there is a limit value t, the battery industry, in hours (h) denotes the battery discharge time sustainable, feel are C24, C20, C10, C8, C3, C1 rated capacity, etc. .
The nominal capacity of the battery small in milliamps (mA · h) count, places a large battery nominal capacity Ah (A · h), when kiloamps (kA · h) count, often taking Telecommunications Industry C10, C8, etc. nominal capacity value. For example, common battery 12AVR100SH Deka monomer is 12V, 100A · h capacity, i.e., the discharge sustainable 10H, current 1OA, when the total number of safety release of 10 * 10 = 100A · h (the actual test, the current value is held steady, when the voltage changes, the load should be adjusted to an external circuit, for measurement).
7. The theoretical capacity of the battery, the actual capacity, the nominal capacity
, also known as a theoretical capacity calculated from the capacity of the battery plates contained amount of active substance is determined, lead-acid batteries for the electrochemical equivalent Pb, 4 is a monovalent 0.517 a · h / g, 2 price 0.259A · h / g, for Pb02,4 price 0.488A · h / g, 2 price 0.224A · h / g, calculated according to the amount of active substance electrochemical equivalent capacity is calledThe theoretical capacity of the battery. The actual capacity is measured when the discharge capacity of the battery depending on the amount of the active material and the utilization of the active substance associated with a lead plate, but not equivalent to the weight of the lead, with the structure and form of storage battery plates, a discharge current size, temperature, termination voltage, the quality of raw materials and manufacturing processes, techniques, and methods of use, but is variable, today, known as the maximum capacity of a single block plate 100A · h / 2V.
rated capacity, also known as nominal capacity, i.e., under the conditions specified by the manufacturer, the battery can emit minimum operating capacity, e.g., 97A · h nominal battery 100A · h, some battery manufacturers are using several after the cycle, the actual capacity is reached or exceeded the nominal capacity.
8. The power efficiency (efficiency Ah)
is called the power efficiency than the battery between the output power and input power, also called ampere efficiency.
9. The discharge rate consisting of
of the battery capacity due to a local cell action caused by consumption, capacity and capacity loss than the previous resting, called the free discharge rate of the battery.
10. life
Each battery charging, discharging time, called a charge-discharge cycle, the battery can be carried out while maintaining the output constant capacity charge and discharge cycles, called the battery life.
11. The discharge rate
represents the discharge rate of the battery discharge current, and the current rate is divided into time rate, the discharge time of the discharge means the length of time the battery is discharged to a certain discharge final voltage on the marines, at 25 deg.] C e.g. If the battery ambient to current It to discharge to the discharge end voltage of the discharge process is referred to as t t hour rate discharging t It is called hour-rate discharging current, IEC standards, the discharge time rate of 20,10,5,3 , minutes, 0.5 hour rate and the rate of the discharge current rate to compare the current size of the battery rated capacity established, t-hour rate discharging current to and It is usually 10-hour rate current I10 expressed as the standard.
12. The discharge voltage
at a discharge ambient temperature of 25 deg.] C at a constant discharge rate to again be recharged using the lowest voltage is the discharge termination voltage, usually 10-hour rate discharge termination voltage of the battery cells 1.8 V, 3-hour-rate discharge termination voltage of the battery cell is 1.8V, 1 hour rate aryl cell discharge termination voltage of 1.75V.

8, charging management

Battery 1. The terminal voltage of the charging characteristics of the battery charging the battery is represented by the following formula V = E + IR, here
E = battery voltage (V) I = the charging current (A) R = the internal resistance (Ω)
2. battery life temperature
battery temperature (temperature of the electrolyte) increased active substance, i.e. the anode and cathode plate may be deteriorated, and corrosion of the anode grid, and reduces the battery life, the opposite, when the battery temperature is too low, will reduce the storage capacity of the battery, excessive discharge easily, and thus the battery life is shortened. This relationship also due to battery type, plate material and change. We shall comply with the following conditions:
The battery electrolyte temperature generally should be maintained at 15 ~ 55 ℃ use state is over, the last resort, when the discharge must not exceed -15 ~ 55 ℃, charging 0 ~ 60 ℃ range. When actually used, the temperature will rise due to charging, and therefore, when the discharge end of the electrolytic solution temperature is maintained below 40 ℃ best.
9, the production company

battery foreign companies in China: the gradual production overseas major battery manufacturers have entered the Chinese market through the establishment of joint venture or other cooperation in China, and focus shift to China: Hercules batteries: Shanghai Xi Endi battery Co., Ltd. (formerly Shanghai Johnson Controls battery Co., Ltd.) by the American Camp; D technology companies and Shanghai Power transmission and distribution company jointly organized a professional production VRLA maintenance-free battery company. The total investment of $ 50 million. The main production LIBERTY (original DYNASTY Hercules) MPS and UPS two series of products, and the US Camp; D companies in the two series of the world’s only production base. From the beginning of April 1998, Shanghai Xi Endi to LIBERTYMPS series battery standard battery of the world’s only manufacturer of products have been exported to Europe, America, Australia and the Asia-Pacific region and other places.
Yuasa Battery: Guangdong Yuasa was established in 1996, is Japan’s Yuasa Corporation only production “YUASA” (Yuasa) NP, NPL, UXH in mainland China, UXL series valve regulated lead acid battery production base of large-scale, comprehensive Yuasa Japan’s most advanced lead-acid battery manufacturing technology
Matsushita battery: Panasonic was founded in 1994. Shenyang Matsushita battery Co., Ltd. in China, Matsushita Group is the only small and medium VRLA acid battery production base. PSBS Japan Panasonic production equipment and technology, and with advanced detection systems, production VRLA battery with the international advanced level.

Italy Fiamm for $ 20 million acquisition of the first of Wuhan.

Shanghai Delphi International Battery Co., Ltd., was established in June 2001 in Shanghai Kangqiao Industrial Zone, maintenance-free lead-acid battery production start, the first major service to Shanghai General Motors Co., Ltd., and gradually developed into a major domestic high-end maintenance-free battery production enterprises. July 2005, Johnson Controls Limited was formally acquired Delphi’s global battery business. Former Shanghai Delphi International Battery Co., Ltd. has changed its name to Shanghai Johnson Controls International Battery Co., Ltd., the products will also benefit from DELPHI (Delphi) is converted to VARTA (Varta).

major domestic battery manufacturers

days to the battery, the battery can have a good day brand position in the domestic electric vehicle batteries, it has a good reputation and influence in the individual consumer groups .

days to each of the electric bicycle battery 234 yuan / wholesale to the electric vehicle assembly plant, to the dealer $ 240 to the electric bike users is 360 million.

Sailing battery: the company had to sail military enterprises, 80 years after the start of the transition in the production of civilian battery. It is the controlling shareholder of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, the company is the production of automotive starter battery business leader, in 2003 and 2004, the market share of the company’s products ranked first in the country. The company is the controlling shareholder of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, subject to strict supervision of the SASAC. publicDivision core competencies outstanding technical cooperation with the German solar energy and hydrogen research center so that further enhance the level of technology, product won the German Volkswagen and Audi supporting recognition. The company and Shanghai Delphi battery company monopolized the domestic market of high-end maintenance-free batteries.

10, a car battery maintenance

battery Many owners think that the battery is a very simple thing, usually do not pay attention for maintenance, in fact, in everyday use in the car, the battery is also regarded as one of the most important components, not sloppy.

daily use of the battery should pay attention to what? Evergreen reporter interviewed specifically Battery Co., Ltd. Deputy General Manager Zhou Yongjian and general manager of Guangzhou Guang Xiong Sheng Industrial Co., Ltd. Xu Jingxiong.

Zhou Yongjian said battery and the traction batteries are starting points of the battery, the battery is activated and in turn comprises a maintenance-free battery “add water” batteries. A motor vehicle, are commonly used in start batteries, because it allows car storage, and then instantly released, so that good quality start with battery, start the car and more quickly.

battery brand more secure

Xu Jingxiong think, now available in a variety of brands of batteries everywhere, but consumers want to buy security for the battery, you must polish their own eyes . Best to buy those with reputation, brand big battery, because manufacturers are not only formal security, but also good service. Zhou Yongjian said that in general large-scale formal battery companies will make a commitment in the warranty period, as long as the quality of the battery, the customer can be replaced for free; if not quality problems, the company also maintenance-free battery, and teach related use common sense. The battery life is generally between 12 to 18 months, good quality battery, its life between two and a half to two years.

we usually call “maintenance-free batteries,” not real “free”, but that this battery under normal conditions do not need to take out the charge. On maintenance-free battery Some cars equipped with a temperature-compensated hydrometer, may indicate power-on state and store the height of the electrolyte level in the battery.When hydrometer indication eye green, charging is enough to show that the battery is normal; when little or green dot indicating the eye black, indicating that the battery needs to be charged; eye display indicates when the yellow, indicating that the internal battery is faulty, it is necessary repairs or replacement.

to charge the battery

One of the following should be charged: electrolyte specific gravity fell below 1.2; winter discharge more than 25 percentage; summer discharge of more than 50 percentage; lights dim;.

Some owners believe that fast charging can save time, only 3-5 hours. In actual fact, the fast charging just quickly activate the cell surface, but in fact no internal battery is fully charged.

In addition to the fast charging, there will directly affect one slow charging, the charging time is 10-15 hours, deep losses must be slow battery charging, or charging time is not enough, insufficient charge amount, to the car’s driving performance. Although the charge is a fairly simple operation, but there are some considerations: 1. charging the lead-acid battery, to wear protective clothing. 2. When charging, the battery can not near the spark, smoking is prohibited. 3. When one or a plurality of batteries in parallel, the charger voltage should not exceed 16V.

11, battery repair some of the methods and techniques

battery repair industry in China has experienced seven years, from the beginning to now, the battery in the battery repair industry repair techniques and methods are endless, also have their own advantages and disadvantages. But there are many battery repair methods have fade out of sight. Behind the battery repair method gradually eliminated is normal, some way past today to tell you the battery under repair.

1, charging method: vulcanization generally lighter battery can be recovered by normal charging. Generally speaking, the larger the discharge current is, the shorter the battery life; deeper depth of discharge, the shorter the battery life. From the theoretically should try to avoid using deep discharge the battery, so that sufficient light should be put ground.

2, hydrotherapy: heavier sulfide battery, a “cure” the charge and discharge.
(1) with 500 ml of a hospital drip intravenous drip bottle capacity against the distilled water 0.5 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid analytical grade formulated to a density of about 1.050 as sulfuric acid electrolytic solution with replenishment.
(2) pry the battery cover (care must be taken to avoid damage), unscrew the single cell control valve (or off rubber cover), adding an electrolyte to fill the battery with from 1.050 to 5 ml of -15 mL, after injection of the electrolyte is preferably 10 hours or more batteries disposed so replenisher impregnated into the separator to see just flowing electrolyte occurs (with a flashlight irradiated vertically to see more clearly the hole) or to the battery through 90 degrees, let the side holes for the excess electrolyte overflow, then turn back).
(3) connected to the battery tester, the tester press “Repair cells” function button repair. Tester automatically enters thirty-six hours to fix sulfur, three hours after the operation mode is automatically transferred to the sulfur Time “3”, both the charging – discharging – charging, the charging current. 3A, the discharge current. 5A, the tester automatically display discharge capacity and time, very intuitive. Every record under capacity, repeated three or four times until capacity no longer rises so far.
3, the battery Shunt Method: If the repair process, the battery temperature rises rapidly, should reduce the charge and discharge current, the battery case can access the two parallel lines on the way to the tester, the charging and discharging current of the original 1/2 (ignoring differences in resistance), the effect is also very good.
4, batteries in series repair method: With this method, when a single cell is lower than the nominal voltage 12V. For example, commercially available rechargeable emergency lights often used 6V4AH, there 6V7AH battery tester and a single output is 12V.
5, with the output of the charge mover method: If the battery capacity is repaired, such as some automotive batteries 100AH, sometimes need to increase the charging current at this time can be used simultaneously in parallel while the output of two or more tester the battery to be repaired, in order to enhance the charging current. 6, the plasma: by plasmon resonance, will lead sulfide crystals conversion participate in chemical reactions to run ions move freely, so as to achieve the purpose of repair, such as Pioneer repair
12, using the errors

Battery charge capacity of the battery and the engine 1 does not match the in accordance with engine type and use rational use of the charge capacity of the battery, the battery is to improve the economy, is one important way to extend its useful life. When starting the engine the starter current, battery output is large, as in the general case 150A-200A, at low temperature (-10 deg.] C) at the start-up current output 250A-300A. If the battery charge capacity and the engine does not match the charge of the battery capacity is too small, the resistance is large at the starting time, the battery charge capacity small in the case of severe discharge, is bound to accelerate the reaction time per unit active material and sulfuric acid, the battery temperature rise high, the plate is bent due to overload, resulting in a large number of active material loss, premature failure of the plate, so that the battery life shortened. If the battery charge capacity is too large, although the above-described problem does not occur, but can not make full use of its active material, the battery economy decrease. Thus the battery charge capacity, the engine must match. Generally selected battery charge capacity, the load should be based starter power, voltage and electrical equipment.

2 mix batteries in parallel

Some of the driver to start the engine, due to lack of the original electrical storage battery, the parallel to a fully charged battery used in common. In fact a fully charged battery will charge the deposit after the parallel lack of electricity to large battery charging current, can easily cause the plates active material loss, affect their life. While the batteries in parallel and does not provide a large starting current to the starter, but not conducive to starting the engine. The correct way should be insufficient to save the battery power is removed, replaced with a fully charged battery, and then start the engine.

3 batteries in series to mix

In battery use, sometimes old and new batteries used in tandem phenomenon, everyone knows, this practice will shorten battery life. Because the chemical reaction within the battery more new substances, high voltage, the internal resistance is small (12V battery internal resistance only new 0.015-0.018Ω); and the old battery terminal voltage is low, a large resistance (12V battery old internal resistance 0.085Ω above). If the new and old batteries in series mixed, then in a charged state, the charging voltage across the charging voltage is higher than the old new battery across the battery, resulting inThe new and the old battery charge has not been fully charged battery too long; in the discharged state, since the charge capacity of the new battery charge capacity is larger than the old battery, resulting in excessive battery discharge old, old or even result in the battery reverse polarity. Therefore, the battery must not be old and new mix.

Further, different charge capacity of the battery can not be mixed in series, because two different charge capacity batteries are used in series, a small charge will tend to overcharge or discharge capacity battery and shorten its life.

4 diesel damage of battery cells continue to use the

Since the compression diesel engine is relatively large, the required starting torque is large, it is generally 24V voltage starting diesel engines are used to improve the starting specific power machine, but generators and still the entire vehicle electrical equipment with voltage of 12V, so diesel vehicles equipped with a voltage switch circuit, the switch two 12V batteries in series starting work, the power supply voltage to 24V, the non-start state, the switch reverts to turn two batteries in parallel, a voltage of 12V to meet the needs. But when a battery wherein a single cell is damaged, some drivers continue to put it to use after a short circuit, so that since the two battery terminal voltage ranging may cause a large discharge current and charging current, resulting in damage to the battery and the generator Therefore the single-cell battery of the diesel vehicle is damaged or repair should be replaced immediately, but after a short circuit will not continue to use the single-cell battery.

5 ignored clear vent

In the battery charging and discharging process will produce hydrogen and oxygen, especially during overcharge, the water is electrolyzed to generate large amounts of hydrogen and oxygen. Dosing battery cover vent hole is used to distribute these gases. Usually if you neglect to clear the vent, causing the vent obstruction, battery generated during the chemical reaction heat and gases can not be distributed, it will make the battery temperature and internal pressure rising, eventually leading to a battery explosion. Therefore, routine maintenance should pay attention to clear the vent to prevent dirt block the air vents.

13, using the power switch Mistakes

Battery a power switch mounted on the battery FireWireEnd Some domestic car factory power switch is not installed. For safety and convenience, some drivers, maintenance personnel will be fitted with a manual power switch, but incorrectly installed in the master power switch on the hot terminal of the battery, because most of your car’s power is negative grounding, so this is not only He did not play a defensive role, and will lead to new insecurity.

2 EFI vehicles to be fitted on the blind power switch

Some drivers for safety reasons, the installation of the EFI car power switch, this approach is very destructive . Since the computer is equipped with such a car, very strict requirements on the power supply voltage, and a battery to store electrical energy in both circuits, the circuit can absorb the surge voltage and the high voltage pulse. If the power switch is bad, due to instantaneous high voltage damage to the computer, and once the power is turned off, switch, computer memory, electronic clock and other functions will be lost.

3 blind off the main power switch

Some of the power switch on-off control of all automobile electrical equipment. During operation of the vehicle, once the electrical device or circuit failure, can be quickly cut off the main power switch to avoid the failure to expand. But some maintenance personnel, in the normal functioning of the generator suddenly cut off the power switch, an attempt to determine whether the lack of electricity generator and whether the charging system is faulty. Since the battery is like a low internal resistance, a large charge capacity of the electrical capacitance, electrical filter system. When the charging system is working properly, it can absorb and suppress over-voltage of the alternator may occur if the battery is suddenly cut off, the generator is still working, the loop current charging will be mutated, will be at the generator armature winding an induced high voltage transients, transient battery case since no inhibitory effect on, the high voltage transient will give the automotive electrical equipment, in particular to an electronic device transistors, integrated circuits and other automotive applications as new technologies with to greater harm.

14, electrolyte density, the height of the liquid level check and adjust errors

Battery 1 electrolyte density “rather large not small” Some drivers think,The larger the electrolyte density, the lower the degree of discharge of a battery, the battery terminal voltage is higher, the greater the charge capacity, and may prevent freezing in winter and frozen electrolyte battery, thus adjusting the electrolyte density, not only electrolyte so that the original density is higher than a predetermined value, and when in normal use need be supplemented diet supplemented with distilled water a number of electrolyte of different density, resulting in higher density electrolyte. In fact, this approach is very wrong.

electrolyte density as an important symbol to measure the degree of discharge of the battery, the electrolyte density has been determined based on the original premise, supplemented with different density of the electrolyte, the electrolyte only means to increase the density of the original, even if the measured density of the electrolyte can not explain the higher the degree of discharge is low; increase the density of the electrolyte can be improved charge capacity and battery terminal voltage is a relative term, on the one hand to improve the density of the electrolyte can improve the battery electromotive force, so that an end voltage and charge capacity increases, but on the other hand the electrolyte density is too large, viscosity of the electrolyte increases, the internal resistance is increased, so that permeability reduction, but will make the charge capacity and battery terminal voltage decreased, but also the electrolyte density is too large can cause a variety of problems such as corrosion and the separator plate curing, the battery life is reduced.

2 neglect to check the electrolyte fluid level

should periodically check the battery electrolyte level height. If the amount of the electrolytic solution is not enough, it leads to the upper portion of the plate contact with air vulcanization, reduced charge capacity of the battery and shorten its life. General inspection once half a month in the winter, summer, hot water easily evaporates, should be checked once a week. The electrolyte fluid level is generally higher than 10mm-15mm plate protective net. Now the vast majority of the housing has a battery electrolyte on the surface height, the lower limit mark, so that the electrolyte level may be within a predetermined range. For maintenance-free batteries are widely used, although do not need to add distilled water, but it should be combined with a regular car maintenance check the electrolyte fluid level, does not meet the requirements should be adjusted.

3 electrolyte level “rather high not low”

Some of the battery to the driver when filling up with distilled water or electrolyte solution, the liquid level tends to take its “rather high not low “wrong practices. The electrolyte level is too high, the vehicle is running, the electrolytic solution easily corroded from the overflow vent pole, resulting in poor contact or pole early damage. Accumulated in the battery lidMake positive electrolyte, negative electrode pole communication circuit is configured, so that the battery self-discharge. At the same time the battery electrolyte level is too high will cause excessive internal pressure, can also cause severe battery explosion.

free distilled water was added 4

In the routine maintenance of the battery, when the shortage of liquid electrolyte, generally shall be added to distilled water. But sometimes electrolytic reduction is due to cracks or breakage of the battery case the liquid supply hole cover so that loose snap caused electrolyte leakage. Some drivers tend to pay attention to the liquid level when checking the battery case due to distinguish cause breakage or leakage of the electrolytic solution, normal wear and tear, or for other reasons, as long as the electrolyte level to a reduced distilled water, resulting in decreased electrolyte density , so that the battery does not work. Some drivers also often added in a closed car in distilled water, distilled water was added result can not be sufficiently mixed with the primary battery electrolyte, which can easily produce the battery self-discharge or damaged battery plates, in the cold area will result in a partial freezing storage battery phenomenon, affecting battery life. Conversely, if the battery before moving to the distilled water was added, as the car continues to the generator to charge the battery during running, can the added distilled water mixed with an electrolyte primary battery, the battery performance is not affected. Therefore, distilled water should be added in front of the bus, and should not add distilled water in the closed car.

are free to add the electrolyte solution 5

In automobile use, the battery is often encountered in use for some time, there is insufficient electrical deposit, reduce the electrolyte density or a water shortage. Some drivers do not understand the technical performance of the battery, the electrolyte is added mistakenly believe that as long as you can to restore the ability to work. As everyone knows, this will cause the battery electrolyte density rising, which will not only make the internal resistance increases, the voltage drops rapidly, but also due to increased electrolyte viscosity, penetration ability becomes poor, so that charge of the battery capacity is decreased. During use, the electrolyte decreases the density of sulfuric acid is not consumed, but with the discharge, the storage amount decreases, gradually transferred to the bipolar plates sulfate, lead sulfate and the active material generated, the density of the electrolyte Save small, the more the smaller the discharge electrolyte density. Therefore, when the battery electrolyte density decreases, to supplement the battery should be charged, not free to add electrolyte.

15, battery charging errors

Battery First a new battery charging is not performed The first charge of the battery is referred to as the initial charging, the initial charging of the charge capacity and battery life have great influence. If insufficient charging, the battery charge capacity is not high, the life is short; if overcharged, the battery electrical performance is good enough, but will shorten its life, so a new battery to carefully initial charging. For general battery charging before use according to a certain specification initial charging. For dry-charged lead-acid battery, according to the manual, although For use in a predetermined storage period of two years, as long as the density of the electrolyte is added a predetermined resting 15min, charging is not required to be put into use. However, if more than two years of storage, since the plates of the partial oxidation, in order to improve its charge capacity, should be added before use, charging 5h-8h before use.

2 supplement charging the battery is not

Some drivers often neglect to trickle charge the battery in a car. Since in the car battery is not completely charged, easily lead plate curing; Meanwhile, in the power usage charge and discharge is uneven, the discharge if the battery charge is greater than the long-term power status, battery plates will gradually vulcanization. This chronic vulcanization, the battery charge capacity will continue to decrease until the starting weak, shorten battery life. As the active material of the battery electrode plate timely reduction, reduced plate curing, improving the battery charge capacity, extend its service life, the battery should be charged in vehicles periodically supplemented.

over-charging the battery 3

often overcharge the battery, even if the charging current is small, but an electrolytic solution for a long time, “boiling”, in addition to the fine particles of the active substance apt to peel off the outer surface, but also the grill excessively oxidized, resulting in the active substance release and loose grill.

4 trans charging polarity charge

Since the battery positive and negative plates of different materials, in addition to the active material, a negative electrode plate barium sulfate added, humic acid, carbon black and rosin material, and shrinkage of the negative electrode plate to prevent oxidation. Further, the number of negative electrode plates each single-cell battery is always one greater than the number of the positive electrode plate, negative electrode plate and slightly thinner than the positive electrode plate. When the feedAt first row battery charging or trickle charge, polarity does not pay attention, the battery will charge the contrary, the positive and negative electrode becomes almost PbSO4 coarse grains, resulting in insufficient charge capacity of the battery, does not work, even lead storage battery scrap . Therefore, we must pay attention to the charging polarity, the polarity of the charge must not be trans

16, battery patent

Battery 1,12V energetic VRLA acid cell 2,24V sealed lead-acid batteries 3,2V series of lead-acid batteries fabric
4, UPS and maintenance-free high capacity lead-acid batteries reproduction protection replenisher
5, U-type 12V Lead-acid battery level
6, a low profile lead-acid battery mine
7, semi-sealed lead-acid battery
8, half-submerged battery
9, the battery alarm
10, intrinsically safe battery
11, the portable mechanical energy to a rechargeable battery
12, portable integrated lead-acid batteries
13, a lead storage battery miniature portable
14, battery plates and the surface wave produced lead-acid battery [123 ] 15, thin sealed lead storage battery
16, battery easily exudate
17, prepared using a magnetization process with the battery liquid silicone low sodium salt and its use dielectric
18, a cylindrical non-sintered electrode shaped alkaline storage battery and its manufacturing method
19, long life High performance VRLA battery
20, long life lead-acid batteries for electric vehicles
21, closed lead-acid battery long-life
22, long-life sealed lead-acid battery
23 length life of lead-acid battery and its manufacturing method
24, long-life battery liquid electrolyte
25, starting with a large current valve regulated battery
26, Microfiber energetic sealed maintenance-free battery
27, super small sealed lead-acid battery
28, a vehicle anti-theft battery
29, car battery
30, in addition to lead-acid batteries compound
with 31 Anti-theft, ChuLead-acid batteries can be
32, the magnetic force of the battery
33, sealed in the catalyst shell sealed maintenance-free gel batteries
34, a large-capacity low-profile VRLA
35, mass long lead-acid storage life curve
36, a large-capacity battery
37, large capacity and high starting performance of lead-acid batteries
38, a large-capacity battery sealed maintenance-free lead-acid
39, starting with large cryogenic full sealed maintenance-free lead-acid batteries
40, with the catalyst, the vapor communication multi-cell valve regulated lead acid battery
41, with the valve assembly hermetically alkaline battery
42, the exhaust valve with high sealed lead-acid battery performance
43, silicon lead with its own battery protection function
44, lead-acid battery plates pouch
45, a single dry cell charged batteries monomer composition
46, battery and using this unit cell is a lithium secondary battery
47, and a battery using the electrode group with the nonaqueous electrolyte battery secondary battery electrode group
48, battery electric vehicles
49, the sealed electric vehicle Lead-acid battery
50, the high energy electric vehicles sealed lead-acid batteries
51, EMU efficient lead storage battery
52, batteries for electric vehicles all sealed maintenance-free lead
53, battery electric vehicles
54, lead-acid batteries with electric tractor cylindrical alkaline
55, sealed lead-acid batteries for electric bicycles
56, lead-acid batteries for electric bicycles
57, and an electrolyte and a process for producing high energy battery
58, moving the adjustable voltage lead calcium battery
59 , motor car batteries with high specific energy lead-acid
60, dynamic thin tubular type small sealed lead
61, the power level of the plate-type lead-acid battery of high energy longevity
62, power type sealed lead-acid battery
63, power lead-acid batteries
64, powered pasted battery plates using
65, battery powered liquid circulation
66, the horizontal multi-wall lead-acid battery of high energy weld [123 ] 67, battery multifunction
68, multifunctional handle hidden battery slot
69, the multi-core style dry-charged lead-acid battery with
70, the cured multi-alloy solid battery slot formation process
71, the secondary lead storage battery
72, valve regulated lead-acid battery
73. The method for producing VRLA batteries
74, VRLA
75, VRLA 2
76, maintenance-free valve-regulated lead-acid battery
77, VRLA batteries
78, VRLA cathode material
79, VRLA batteries
80, VRLA battery and its preparation method using microcapsule
81, VRLA batteries using a negative electrode and a positive electrode active substance formulation
82, maintenance-free valve-regulated battery in combination
83, VRLA
84, valve regulated type lead-acid sealed maintenance-free batteries
85, square and rectangular tube-acid battery
86, the square type enclosed storage battery and its manufacturing method
87, rectangular alkaline storage battery
88, the metal shell sealed square battery
89, a square pillar cylindrical positive electrode a negative electrode lead block acid cell
90, the anti-creep test head acid car battery
91, separately assembled battery
92, and negative electrode material Battery
93 material with the aqueous electrolyte, the negative electrode active material and a method of manufacturing the lead-acid battery
94, lead-acid battery negative pressure chamber
95, and a battery shell composite sealing means [ 123] 96, the composite plate VRLA batteries
97, the composite electric double layer storage battery
98, complex nickel-hydrogen batteries and nickel-hydrogen storage battery positive electrode active material
99, the composite battery [ 123] 100, a bipolar lead acid battery duplex
101, flooded lead-acid battery
102, the rich liquid sealed lead-acid battery 2
103, a flooded free valve-regulated lead-acid batteries [ 123] 104, flooded lead-acid batteries, maintenance-free
105, the improved vehicle battery
106, to improve battery safety helmet lights mine
107, high specific energy lead-acid battery long-life [ 123] 108, all sealed maintenance-free high specific energy lead-acid batteries
109, the high voltage power type lead-acidComposite battery plate
110, the high voltage traction battery
111, the battery polymer
112, lead-acid battery electrolyte polymer microcapsule composition
113, the polymer battery [123 ] 114, the battery energy environmental protection solid
115, conductive plastic high-energy battery simple manufacturing techniques
116, high-energy high-capacity alkaline storage battery or dry zinc negative electrode
117, the high energy sealed lead-acid battery plate grid alloy material
118, sealed lead-acid battery of the high energy alloy material
119, lead-acid battery of high energy nano ceramic
120, high-energy lead-acid batteries
121, high-energy lead-acid battery 2 [123 ] 122, high-energy batteries
123, high-capacity, durable positive and negative plate active material formulations and production methods
124, a high-capacity battery power
125, an alkaline storage battery ferrate
126, efficient maintenance-free lead-acid batteries
127, high-performance car battery
128, high-voltage battery power
129, black phosphorus and the application of the battery negative electrode material made of a lithium ion secondary battery
130, the active carbon nanofibers (CNT) electrode High energy battery
131, the active nano-carbon fiber, aluminum, copper, high-energy storage battery electrodes
132, the folding plate lead-acid battery and its production method according to
133, pole portable lead-acid battery type mechanical seal
134 alkaline storage battery
135, and the electrode plate of the electrode plate using an alkaline storage battery alkaline storage battery
136, the method for producing an alkaline storage battery and battery electrode manufactured by the method according to
137, basic battery separators, methods for their preparation and the alkaline storage battery
138, an alkaline storage battery and its manufacturing method
139, and a manufacturing method of an alkaline storage battery 2
140, a nickel electrode for an alkaline storage battery with a base and storage battery
141, an alkaline storage battery positive electrode active material, a positive electrode and its manufacturing method
142, a rectangular alkaline storage battery
143, an improved method of preparing a lithium secondary battery and a negative electrode structure with
144, with enhanced leakage power capacity of the battery
145, dedicated battery separator production method polyvinyl chloride resin
146 wound lead-acid battery construction and its manufacturing method
147, wound VRLA battery
148, volume Lead-acid battery cartridge
149, a battery lamp miner
150, a lithium ion secondary battery
151, a positive electrode material for lithium ion batteries and synthetic methods
152, a lithium secondary battery
153, the lithium secondary battery 2
154, and a lithium secondary battery positive electrode of lithium secondary battery
155, using the method of producing alkaline pulping black liquor lignin negative battery additives
156, aluminum acid battery positive paste formulation [ 123] 157, energy storage batteries closed
158, sealed lead-acid battery positive electrode active material composition
159, sealed lead-acid battery silica fume
160, sealed lead-acid battery
161, sealed lead-acid battery grid of thin negative electrode plate
162, sealed lead-acid storage
163 sealed type battery and a battery module
164, maintenance-free lead-acid battery housing
165, inline low pressure within the high-level output of nickel-hydrogen battery
166, the platen pressing screw water Flat plate lead-acid battery
167, high-energy carbon nanotube composite battery grid
168 can be fast charged long-life battery
169 can be fast charged long-life battery 2
170, Nickel – cadmium batteries
171, nickel-hydrogen storage
172, nickel – hydrogen batteries
173, nickel – hydrogen batteries 2
174, nickel – hydrogen storage battery 3
175, nickel – hydrogen batteries 4
176, a nickel hydrogen storage battery and its manufacturing method
177, a nickel-hydrogen storage batteries and nickel-hydrogen separator
178, the battery car alarm
179, automobile gasoline engine with mechanical ship environmental longevity high reliability ignition starter battery
180, the gate lead alloy fiber energetic sealed gel lead-acid batteries
181, the gate lead alloy fiber energetic sealed gel lead-acid batteries 2
182, lead-acid batteries
183 , lead-acid storageCell anti-aging agent
184, lead-acid batteries
185, the gate lead-acid battery plate manufacturing method according to
186, lead-acid battery protection liquid
187, the protection liquid lead-acid battery and its manufacturing method and application
188, lead-acid battery electrolyte additive
189, the lead-acid battery plate curing process
190, lead-acid battery nanocarbon activator
191, lead-acid battery efficiency repair liquid
192, a heat treatment method of the lead-acid battery positive grid
193, lead-acid battery positive electrode compound paste formulation
194, lead-acid battery positive electrode active material formulation and production methods
195, lead-acid battery positive electrode grid deposition process
196, deep cycle lead-acid battery positive electrode grid alloy formula
197, a lead storage battery
198, a lead storage battery 2
199, flexible liquid lithium ion battery
200, flexible liquid lithium ion battery 2
201, the heat dissipation lead-acid batteries for railway formula
202, bis composite plates VRLA batteries
203, lead-acid battery plates bis compound
204 Shuangyang lead-acid battery electrode plate structure
205, starting with high tanks Sealed lead-acid batteries whole amount
206, the carbonaceous material is nano lead-acid battery and its preparation method
207, a battery locomotive
208 VRLA, locomotives Horizontal Valve sealed Lead Acid battery
209, iron – manganese battery
210, the same side of the portable type lead-acid battery line
211, an outer liquid chamber lead-acid battery of high energy longevity
212, the rare earth battery grid material
213, the vertical type VRLA battery positive paste formulation and curing process
214, the vertical type VRLA batteries
215, the new battery
216, the battery electrolyte storage containers and injection
217, the battery and its production method according to
218, a lead storage battery Nobu
219, a power lead-acid batteries
220 A VRLA battery
221 A VRLA storagePool
222, automatic replenishment apparatus for VRLA batteries
223 A leak-proof maintenance-free battery
224 a spill proof maintenance-free battery
225, An alkaline storage battery lead and zinc
226 An alkaline storage battery
227, and a display having a sealing temperature detecting battery alarm function
228 a battery winding structure
229, a lithium secondary battery and a method for manufacturing a lithium secondary battery
230, an in-balanced combination of pressure accumulator
231, the battery prepared a nano carbon material
232, a lead acid battery
233 An additive for lead-acid battery and its preparation method
234, a lead acid battery positive plates of lead paste production methods
235 a lead storage battery
236 a sealed storage battery [123 ] 237, a nano-carbon material added lead-acid battery and its preparation method
238, a new type of VRLA
239, a new type of battery
240, a battery [ 123] 241, A battery 2
242 A 3
243 An accumulator battery and its manufacturing method [ 123] 244 An automatic battery maintenance device
245, sealed lead-acid battery of one application of nanomaterials
246 A method of preparing an anode active material and a lithium secondary battery having high performance for [ 123] 247 An alkaline storage battery in combination
248, the battery polyolefin having a hydrophilic functional group as a main component of the resin composition
249, manufactured by 8 grid alloy elements and new materials and better a new generation of lead-acid batteries
250, fighter, bomber ground starting with the high energy sealed lead-acid batteries
251, the power direct-sealed battery and a terminal
252, the helicopter ground starting power portable systems with the high energy sealed lead-acid batteries
253, a process for preparing a non-aqueous secondary battery using the positive electrode active material
254, battery grids produce an alloy material
255, smart battery repair system and method for online