refers generally to lead-acid batteries of the battery, which is a cell belonging to a secondary battery. Its working principle: the use of external electrical charge when the active material can regenerate the energy stored as chemical energy, again converting chemical energy into electrical energy output required discharge.
1 The battery works
filled with spongy lead battery lead substrate gate (also known as the grid elements) as a negative electrode, lead dioxide to fill the gate lead substrate as cathode, and with a density 1.26–1.33g / mlg / ml of dilute sulfuric acid as the electrolyte. When discharging the battery, a negative electrode lead metal, the oxidation reaction to produce lead sulfate; lead dioxide positive electrode, reduction reaction occurs to produce lead sulfate. When the battery charging DC, poles generate elemental lead and lead dioxide. After power is removed, it returns to the state before the discharge, the chemical composition of the battery. Is the lead-acid battery can be repeatedly charged and discharged, its cell voltage is 2V, the battery cell is made up of one or more monomers, referred to as batteries, the most common is 6V, 12V batteries, there are other 2V, 4V, 8V, 24V battery. As with the vehicle battery (battery commonly known)6 is a lead-acid battery of 12V in series to the battery pack. For conventional dry-charged lead-acid battery (such as a car battery dry-charged, dry-charged motorcycle battery, etc.) after a period of time to add distilled water, dilute sulfuric acid electrolyte retention of about 1.28g / ml density; and most are now maintenance-free batteries, their use until the end of life will no longer need to add distilled water.
The reaction equation is as follows: when the
discharge electrode reaction: PbO2 + 4H + + SO42- + 2e- = PbSO4 + 2H2O
negative The reaction: Pb + SO42- – 2e- = PbSO4
total reaction: PbO2 + Pb + 2H2SO4 = 2PbSO4 + 2H2O (rightward discharge reaction, the reaction is left charged)
[123 ] 2 the battery effect
Function of the battery power is supplied to the engine, when the vehicle is ready to launch, will discharge the battery to provide power to the starter by starter driven flywheel, the crankshaft rotates, thereby starting the vehicle. When the engine is insufficient to provide power for the car is not started, or electrical appliances such as audio systems, lighting systems power supply, when the engine starts normal power supply, the battery power will be collected and stored for future use.
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Application of the battery 3
Lead-acid battery main products are the following, which was distributed as follows:
starting type batteries: used in cars, motorcycles, tractors, diesel and other starting and lighting;
fixed-type batteries: mainly used for communications, power plants, as a computer system protection, automatic control of the backup power supply;
traction batteries: mainly used for a variety of battery car, truck, forklift and other power supply;
Railway battery: mainly used in railway locomotives, electric locomotives, passenger cars start, the lighting power;
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the storage battery: mainly used for wind power, solar power generation energy storage.
4. Classification battery
is divided into lead-acid batteries of the battery, and the battery charge maintenance-free batteries dry three. On which we are more familiar with passenger carsThe use of lead-acid batteries and battery is basically two types of maintenance-free batteries. Currently, most models on the market have adopted a maintenance-free battery, while most Japanese cars, and even Lexus and Infiniti, etc. These high-end Japanese cars are non-maintenance-free batteries, lead-acid batteries is.
5. The lead-acid battery
ordinary batteries, also known as lead-acid battery, which electrode is made of lead and lead oxides, the electrolyte is an aqueous sulfuric acid solution. The main advantage is that the voltage stability, the price is cheap; the disadvantage is lower than the energy (ie battery storage of electricity per kilogram), short life and frequent routine maintenance. Plain old batteries in the general life of about 2 years, and the need to regularly check the height of the electrolyte and add distilled water. But with the development of technology, the current life of ordinary batteries become longer and would be easier to maintain.
Lead-acid battery is the most significant feature of the top six plastic sealing cap can be unscrewed, well above the vent. These are used to fill the sealing cap, the inspection of the exhaust gas and the electrolyte. According to theory, lead-acid batteries need to check the height of the electrolyte in each time maintenance, if there is a lack of need to add distilled water. But with the upgrade battery manufacturing technology, maintenance lead-acid batteries are no longer complicated. Normal use, 2–3 years, lead-acid batteries have no need to add electrolyte or distilled water. In other words, for the average car owners, if you do not maintain them special lead-acid batteries, it can work normally 2 –3 years, maintenance-free battery life does not lose the basic.
Of course, if you want to play to the limit of the battery, extend the service life can beAt about 10,000 kilometers per check for the electrolyte fluid level, so that it remains in the middle position. If properly maintained, lead-acid battery life can be from 2 – 3 extend to four years or even five years. But now most of the 4S shops are not added electrolyte services, owners of a friend only to find his repair shop to complete this operation.
6. The maintenance-free batteries
maintenance-free batteries, the biggest feature is name suggests, “maintenance-free”. Lead-acid batteries and very small consumption than its electrolyte, the basic need to add distilled water in a lifetime. It also has a shock, high temperature, small size, low self-discharge characteristics. Of course relative, its price will be more expensive than lead-acid batteries. As for the next life, maintenance-free batteries are normally recommended replacement cycle is about 3 years, and lead-acid batteries fairly.
In order to avoid its maintenance routine maintenance and exhaust system design and lead-acid batteries that are distinctly different, and therefore does not require frequent adding distilled water or electrolyte solution theory. In addition, maintenance-free batteries are generally closed the case, unless there is specialized tools and techniques, usually the owner is unable to self-maintenance.
Although the maintenance-free batteries called “maintenance-free”, but it is not completely laissez-faire attitude. Manufacturer’s Suggested inspected once every 30,000 kilometers batteries once every 80,000 km maintenance. But now the operation can be overwhelmed by the 4S shop or repair workshop very few, and maintenance-free battery life is relatively fixed, under normal use, 2–3 years must also be replaced, and there is nothing that can be extended the life of the road.
7.AGM battery
AGM battery refers to a battery separator using the fine glass wool material. Electrical equipment of modern vehicles because of its growing energy needs, requires a more powerful battery to provide power. Even if the vehicle stops moving, the energy consumption is also considerable.
and the difference between conventional battery AGM battery: AGM battery is sealed, the battery cover has an exhaust valve, during normal use, does not require replenishment. Conventional battery is not hermetically sealed, the lid opening pouring the electrolytic solution can be seen, the use and frequent replenishment.
compared to the same size battery, the price is high, but has the following advantages:
One cycle charge capacity of the battery 3 times higher than lead-calcium, has a longer life. .
2 having a higher capacitance stability over the entire life cycle.
3. The low-temperature starting is more reliable.
4. to reduce the risk of accidents, reducing the risk of environmental pollution (acid due percentage sealing means 100).