1. The plug-in hybrid Category
The hybrid classified three ways. One is distinguished according to whether the external charging power supply, according to another distinguishing structural characteristics, are divided into series hybrid (called extended-electric), a parallel hybrid, hybrid hybrid, there is a is a the degree of mixing of different categories.
1. The plug-in hybrid and a non-plug-in hybrid two kinds according to whether the external charging power characteristics Category
This embodiment includes. Difference
Plug-in hybrid and Non-plug-in hybrid to
The plug-in hybrid (Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle, referred to as PHV), it simply is between a vehicle between two electric cars and fuel cars. He both traditional vehicles of the engine, gearbox, transmission, oil, fuel tank , there are electric vehicles of the battery, a motor, a control circuit . And the battery capacity is relatively large, the charging interface.
Compared with this non Lexus RX450h plug hybrid vehicles, plug-in hybrid cars larger battery capacity, can support travel longer mileage. If short trips each time, better charging conditions, plug-in hybrid vehicle battery may be without refueling , as the use of pure electric vehicles, electric vehicles have advantages. Representatives of its models: BMW i8, BYD Qin, Biyaditang, Porsche 918, and so on.
instead of plug-in hybrid must fuel to charge the battery a generator driven by the engine alone drives the motor starts running at low speed,
or also directly with the motor driving the wheels and the engine by the engine which together drive the wheels. Which represents models are: Toyota Prius, CT200h, CamryRui Zunrui.
Lexus CT
2. The structural characteristics of Category
● series hybrid (called extended-electric)
alone electrical generator running car, a configuration of the output power of the engine only to promote generators. System output power equal to the motor output power. One of the most famous is the Chevrolet Volt, an extended-range BMW i3 (click to enter cars page).
this type of hybrid, electric cars are still strictly speaking. Only car an electric drive system , including Motor control circuit, a battery . Extended range of plug-in hybrid directly to the motor driving the wheels , the engine is used to drive a generator to charge the battery. Since the engine does not directly drive the wheels, and therefore does not need the transmission. This is equivalent to an ordinary electric vehicle loaded with a petrol / diesel generators.
Advantages:
1 quiet an electric vehicle, the breakaway torque great advantage, can be a pure electric car use, convenience only in charge of charging conditions, without refueling, low cost;
2 compared to other hybrid mode, range-extended hybrid transmission can not, slightly lower cost. Due to an engine with power, as long as you can always run down gas station, where convenient charging of the trailer will not be forced to address the shortage of infrastructure problems;
3 because the engine does not directly drive the wheels. engine speed and wheel speed, vehicle speed is not directly related, optimized control system that allows the engine has been working at optimum speed, even when charging inconvenience, fuel consumption under city traffic jam traffic is relatively low, the engine noise can be controlled very small.
Disadvantages:
1 resulting in wasted power. Since the heavy engine and generator do not directly drive the wheels, resulting in a waste of this part of the power, and the engine and generator to bringVolume is not reduced. For example: an extended-range hybrid car engine power 50KW, generator power 50KW, motor power 100KW, 200KW total power of the vehicle carrying the engine and the motor, but can drive the wheels of power only 100KW.
2. In a road at high speed, but high fuel consumption. This is because the high-speed road, if the engine drives the wheels directly, you can always work in the best mode, and extended-range hybrid one more conversion process, the conversion itself to consume energy, resulting in higher fuel consumption instead.
Representative models: representative of this type of model BMW I3 (optional extender module), Chevrolet Volt (hidden in the direct drive mode), and Kama Fisker Audi A1 e-tron (click to enter cars page).
BMW i3
● Parallel Hybrid
This type of inner hybrid there are two drive systems, mostly the basis of traditional fuel vehicles on the motor, battery, power control is made, the motor and the engine together drive the wheels. Only a motor vehicle, when acting as a motor driving the wheels, the wheels are not driven to function as a generator when charging the battery.
is oriented engine, supplemented by an electric motor , a motor driving the vehicle alone generally can not. System output power and the output power of the engine is equal to the motor and which is most representative of Honda IMA system.
Advantages:
1 no power is wasted. Motor, the engine drives the wheels together, there is no wasted power problem, such as a motor 50KW, 100KW engine, the transmission system can withstand long, the vehicle power is 150KW;.
2 and advantages of the apparatus and an electric vehicle gasoline vehicles. In pure electric mode, the electric car also has a quiet, low-cost advantages. In the hybrid mode, there is a very good starting torque, acceleration excellent performance;
3 low cost. Since only the transmission case (sub transmission input and output two kinds of methods to increase) increase a motor, Changes in the traditional fuel vehicles on the basis of a smaller, cost is relatively low.
Disadvantages:
In a hybrid mode, the engine does not guarantee always operating at optimum speed, fuel consumption is relatively high. Only when a traffic jam can be built as an engine start-stop function until the low fuel consumption;.
2 because only one motor, and power generation can not drive the wheels, the engine operating conditions and the motor drive wheel together can not be sustained .
3. Duration acceleration, the battery will soon run out of energy, the drive mode of the engine into a single turn.
this type of representative models include: Mercedes-Benz S400L unplugged version, BYD Qin, Honda CR-Z (click to enter cars page).
BYD Qin
● Hybrid Hybrid
depends mainly on the motor , auxiliary engine, the electric motor and the engine can drive the car alone. Since the system is configured with an independent power generator, so the output is equal to the maximum engine power system, the output power of the generator acts as a motor and a motor (some cases) and. Hybrid system architecture complexity, but dynamic performance and fuel economy are quite good, one of the most famous is the Toyota THS-II system.
parallel hybrid type and the difference between
and as a parallel hybrid, this model also has two drive systems, but the difference is that there are two hybrid formula motor. Only one motor for direct drive wheels, and a motor has a dual role: ultimate performance when needed, act as a motor to directly drive the wheels, the vehicle is the engine power, the power of the two motors and; When power shortage, It acts as a generator to charge the battery.
Advantages:
a hybrid type having both extended range and parallel advantages: an electric vehicle quiet in pure electrical mode , the advantages of low cost;.
2 in the extended range mode, no “range anxiety”, and the engine can be controlled to have optimum speed, low fuel consumption, noise and vibration;
[ 123] 3., and theThe associated mode, two motors, one engine can work together, the three power combined with very good start and acceleration, a more perfect composition.
Disadvantages:
1 high costs. Is two motors, engines, transmissions one less, supporting the control circuit, battery, drive train, an oil passage can not be less than the overall cost of other plug-in hybrid type. Because you want to control two motors and an engine, there are different modes of operation, the control system also is relatively complex, which will also increase costs.
2. Major car. The total weight of the car will be larger.
on behalf of models: Toyota Prius, Porsche 918 (click to enter cars page).
Porsche 918
3. Different degree of mixing (i.e. often said that according to the hybrid system, the output power of the motor accounts for the entire system output in the proportion of various classification)
● micro the hybrid system
in such a hybrid system over a conventional engine starter motor (typically 12V) installed on a belt driving starter motor (that is often said belt-alternator Starter Generator, Acronym BSG system). The motor is a starter generator (Stop-Start) integral motor, for controlling the start and stop the engine, thus eliminating idle speed of the engine, to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. Strictly speaking,
This micro-hybrid system car does not belong to a true hybrid vehicle, motor because it does not provide continuous power as cars. In the micro-hybrid system, there are usually two motor voltage: 12v and 42v. Wherein 42v mainly used in diesel hybrid system. Models
represents the hybrid version of C3 PSA and Toyota hybrid version of the Vitz.
● lightIn the hybrid system together
Light hybrid vehicle
separate motor-driven vehicle can not be used . Buick LaCrosse eAssist is the use of lightweight hybrid system using a parallel architecture, provides the energy for the recovery vehicle, the vehicle start and stop functions.
The hybrid system uses an integrated starter motor (that is often said that the Integrated Starter Generator, referred ISG system). Compared with the micro-hybrid system, in addition to a mild hybrid systems can be realized by controlling the generator to start and stop the engine, can also be achieved:
(1) in the deceleration and braking conditions, part of the energy absorption;
(2) during driving, constant speed operation of the engine, the energy produced by the engine can be adjusted between the charging generator demand and demand-driven wheel. Light mixing of the hybrid system 20 is generally a percentage or less.
represents the model is the LaCrosse eAssist.
● hybrid system.
Light and medium-sized hybrid system hybrid systems, powered by a combustion engine, an electric motor only play a supporting role.
However, medium-hybrid system can be used in a motor drive car under certain circumstances (e.g., low-speed cruising) alone. For example Honda IMA hybrid system is a hybrid system using parallel medium-sized structure.
Honda’s hybrid Insight, Accord and Civic are of this system. The hybrid system also uses ISG system. And mild hybrid systems, hybrid system uses a high-voltage motors. Further, the hybrid system also adds a function of: when the vehicle is in the acceleration or heavy load conditions, the auxiliary motor can drive the wheels, so as to supplement the power output of the engine itself, thereby better improve the performance of the vehicle. A high degree of mixing of such a system, can reach about 30 percentage, the current technology is mature, widely used.
● heavy hybrid system
The heavy-duty hybrid system
engine and the motor can drive the vehicle running alone . The THS Toyota hybrid system is a hybrid system with heavy duty hybrid type structure. Maximum motor power system using THS third generation Prius Hybrid achieved using 60kW, the maximum torque of 207Nm, enough to drive the car for low speed.
The system uses a high voltage to start the motor 272-650v higher degree of mixing. Compared with the hybrid system, the degree of mixing full hybrid system can achieve even more than 50 percentage. The development of technology will make full hybrid system has become the main direction of development of hybrid technology.
All of the above mix of different ways, can reduce costs and emissions to a certain extent. Major automobile manufacturers in the past ten years, through continuous investment in research and development, test summary, business applications, forming a path of their own hybrid technology, and performance in the market is unique.