1. Overview
ethanol belongs to renewable energy, is sorghum, corn, potato, etc. prepared through the fermentation. It does not affect the car 
traveling performance, further reducing emissions of harmful gases. Ethanol gasoline as a new clean fuel, renewable energy is currently the world’s development priorities, in line with our strategy of alternative energy and renewable energy development, technically mature safe, reliable, fully applicable in our country, with good economic and social benefits. A mixture of ethanol gasoline is not a novel compound. Add appropriate amount of ethanol in gasoline as a motor fuel, saving petroleum resources, reduce vehicle exhaust pollution of the air, but also promote agricultural production.
2. Development
In the early 1920s, Brazil began to use ethanol gasoline. Lack of Brazilian petroleum resources, but rich in sugar cane, thus forming a complete set of technical sugar produced from sugar cane, alcohol. Currently, Brazil is ethanol gasoline in the world’s first national ethanol content of 20 percent.
The United States is another fuel ethanol consumption country in the world. 1930s ethanol gasoline in Nebraska region on the first-to-market. In 1978 the percentage of ethanol containing 10 gasoline (E10 gasoline) large-scale use in Nebraska, after the US federal government tax breaks for E10 gasoline, fuel ethanol production from 30,000 tons in 1979 increased rapidly to 269 in 1990 tons. 2000 US fuel ethanol production reached 500 million tons. With the use of MTBE in the United States and the final reduction in the amount of disabling, fuel ethanol will be the best alternative oxygenate MTBE. It predicts that by 2004 the United States fuel ethanol demand will reach 10 million tons.
when the war in our country, on the use of ethanol as a motor fuel, when the war of liberation, the PLA military order, established Nanyang alcohol plant, and now this plant is now producing ethanol gasoline with alcohol in the main factory. The beginning of liberation, as well as drive a car with alcohol, but not nowThe science of ethanol gasoline. 
domestic ethanol gasoline production accounts for third in the world this year, were two of the country’s statistical report on the National Development and Reform Commission, the country currently has ten million tons of ethanol blended gasoline per year of capacity, consumption of ethanol gasoline accounted for 20 percentage of the country’s gasoline consumption, in the world after Brazil, the United States as the production of ethanol gasoline’s third largest country. As national use gasoline containing 10 percent ethanol, the annual savings of 4.5 million tons of gasoline. Ethanol gasoline is one of the priorities “Tenth Plan” in. Since 2003 the country after another declared Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Henan, Anhui and other provinces and Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Hubei and other 27 cities to disable the entire regular unleaded gasoline, ethanol gasoline instead add 10 percentage of alcohol.
At present the majority of Chinese provinces and cities to promote the use of ethanol gasoline accounted for gasoline are higher proportion of sales volume, and also further improve, but because of raw materials, cost and technical issues, China has encountered in the promotion of ethanol gasoline in some of the obstruction, due to reasons of policy support, technological progress, making the promotion of ethanol gasoline can proceed smoothly.
Overall, the use and promotion of ethanol gasoline trend is China, during 2006-2010, ethanol gasoline will promote more domestic areas.
ethanol gasoline admirable environmental protection, in nine cities in the survey, the use of ethanol gasoline during urban air nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide quarter, compared with the average regular gasoline, nitrogen dioxide decreased by 8 percentage Carbon monoxide decreased by 5 percentage. The only drawback
ethanol gasoline, the user feels that it is lower than ordinary gasoline power, increased fuel consumption, the heat flame gas barrier Shihai easily. In addition, as delamination ethanol gasoline once the water will not be using low cost of pipeline transportation, storage and transportation of ethanol fuel cycle is only 4-5 days, which affect the ease of use of ethanol gasoline. Formed more easily than gasoline with ethanol vehicle unleaded gasoline intake valve deposits on the ineffective nozzle atomization, an increase in intake valve deposits, thereby causing ethanol gasoline combustion efficiency is lowered, increasing the amount of fuel . Accumulation amount on the use of ethanol gasoline intake valve than using test car # 93 unleaded gasoline automotive vehicles an average of 33 percentage. This is due to the instability caused by the ethanol fuel engine fuel intake system deposits increases, so that good atomization nozzle, causing ethanol gasoline combustion efficiency is lowered, consumptionIncrease the amount of oil.
3, preservation
shelf life of ethanol gasoline only a month
ethanol gasoline on the environment is very high, very afraid of the water, short shelf life, so sales of ethanol gasoline than regular gasoline be much more stringent in the deployment, storage, transportation, sales of all aspects. Generally small filling stations do not sell ethanol gasoline.
If you can not sell a small gas station a month, or added to the car, we are faced with on a business trip, burning finish, it will break down, resulting in damage of adverse reactions …… in the end is our car.
stratification have a shelf life prone ethanol fuel in the fuel tank tends to become cloudy tank, beat the fire.
4, ethanol gasoline
means a vehicle ethanol gasoline containing no methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), specific oxygen-containing gasoline additive component of the oil , by adding a certain proportion of the volume ratio (percentage of tentatively 10) in denatured ethanol fuel, ethanol gasoline by the deployment center point according to the quality requirements of the national standard GB18351-2001, compounded by a specific process from generation clean environment car fuel.
ethanol gasoline research octane number divided by the number 90, 93, 95 three grades.
before the flag is raised gasoline reference letter E, indicated as a unified vehicle ethanol gasoline, gasoline grades are three kinds of sign “E90 gasohol No. 90”, “E93 ethanol gasoline 93″, ” 95 E95 ethanol gasoline. ” Ethanol gasoline is suitable for all types of vehicles equipped ignition engines, no matter how large the carburetor or fuel injection lubrication method, medium and small vehicles.
5, the advantages and disadvantages of ethanol gasoline
Automotive as a clean fuel engine having gasoline with ethanol following advantages:
1, octane high antiknock good.
2, ethanol percentage oxygen content of up to 34.7. Gasoline containing 10 percent ethanol, 35 percentage of oxygen can be achieved.
3, with the use of ethanol gasoline vehicle can effectively reduce vehicle exhaust emissions, improve energy structure. Studies have shown that domestic, E15 gasohol (gasoline alcohol content 15 percent) Hydrocarbon emissions unleaded gasoline dropped 16.2 percentage, carbon monoxide emissions decreased by 30 percent specific pure vehicle.
4, Fuel ethanol production resources rich, mature technology. When it was mixed with gasoline in the percentage less than 10, without the need for major changes with the automobile engine, ethanol gasoline can be used directly.
ethanol gasoline for automobiles deficiencies in fuel value, and corrosion resistance of the power:
1, the heat value of the ethanol is conventional gasoline percentage of 60 when it reported to the relevant information, if the car does not make any changes on the use of ethanol-blended gasoline with 10 percentage of the engine’s fuel consumption will increase by 5 percentage.
2, ethanol vaporization latent heat, the evaporation temperature is greater than the stoichiometric air regular gasoline. The impact of the mixture formation and combustion rate, resulting in decline in automobile power performance, economy and cold start properties, is not conducive to the acceleration of the car.
3, ethanol produced during the combustion of acetic acid, particularly copper corrosive to metal car. For tests showed that the ethanol content in gasoline at 10 ~ 0 percentage, substantially no corrosion of the metal, but when the alcohol content exceeds 15 percentage must add effective corrosion inhibitor.
4, ethanol is a good solvent, prone to slight corrosion of the car seal rubber and other synthetic non-metallic materials, swelling, cracking, or softening effect.
5, ethanol easily suck in water, the water content of the vehicle exceeds the standard metrics with ethanol gasoline, easyLiquid phase separation occurs.
March 15 onwards Beihai all use of ethanol gasoline, ethanol gasoline unified identity at the gas station are No. E90, No. E93, No. E97, E is the label of ethanol, the use of vehicle ethanol gasoline vehicle can be added to the same label cars using unleaded petrol. Similarly, in qualified cars using unleaded petrol also be added to the same label designated gas stations sell ethanol gasoline vehicle. But China should choose a good quality oil and other credit guaranteed gas station. Avoid adding water cars using unleaded petrol and counterfeit oil, can not maintain the normal operation of the vehicle.
with more than 30,000 km car, in the first adding ethanol gasoline, automotive fuel tanks and oil if not cleaned, it will cause clogging vehicle oil flameout. Even after washing, there is still a small amount of impurities into the fuel tank, oil tank after the first run, but also cleaning up the car. And if it is less than 30,000 km mileage of the new car, before the addition of ethanol gasoline can not wash tank and oil.
6, cars using gasoline Note
1. Cleaning self-cleaning properties
ethanol gasoline in ethanol is an excellent organic solvent having a high solubility in the cleaning characteristics. Experienced drivers and maintenance personnel often used alcohol to clean the carburetor. Cleaning out this way families carburetor completely and thoroughly. Similarly, the vehicle may be
Also washed with ethanol and gasoline oil, oil remains smooth. However, the vehicle first use of ethanol gasoline, especially in the oil tank 1-2, the cleaning effect of ethanol in gasoline, will fuel tanks, oil precipitation, accumulation of various types of impurities (the longer the time, the accumulation of impurities multi-tank especially iron), such as: softening rust, dirt, and other dissolved colloidal particles down, mixed with oil. These impurities may cause poor oil.
Comments: the first use of the vehicle in ethanol gasoline, preferably the main components of the vehicle fuel tank and the oil, such as: fuel filter, carburetor cleaning inspection or cleaning. To ensure that the components of the fuel system cleaned.
2. Hydrophilic properties
Vehicle BSince the alcohol-gasoline mixed fuel a certain amount of denatured ethanol, ethanol is a hydrophilic liquid, easily miscible with water, unlike gasoline, gasoline can be separated from water, the water deposited on the bottom of the tank. Thus the first use of the vehicle in ethanol gasoline, the fuel tank to respond to conduct an inspection in order to prevent gasoline and ethanol precipitated bottom of the tank there may be water miscible, excessive moisture in the oil, affecting the normal operation of the engine.
Recommendation: corporations are few such cases, but can not be ignored.
3. Summer gasoline should pay attention ethanol
A tank check whether the flow intake and exhaust valves: high ambient temperature in summer, the fuel volatility is increased, such as the fuel tank attachments – clogging the exhaust valve, so that a part of the fuel when the liquid into the gaseous state, gas can not be discharged through the exhaust valve, easily lead to the occurrence probability increases air resistance passage (regular gasoline is true).
B vehicles using ethanol gasoline during the summer refueling Do not fill the tank too full to leave some oil expansion space.
C does not have as ethanol to gasoline supply field, regular gasoline and ethanol gasoline may be arbitrarily mixed.
4. Whether adaptation of rubber impact of ethanol gasoline
Tests showed that the vast majority of the rubber member can adapt ethanol gasoline. Only a few are not suited, but slow corrosion. Pilot found poor mechanical rubber diaphragm fuel pump in the early production adaptability, individual cracks occur swelling phenomenon after the use of ethanol gasoline. Since the rubber member can not be distinguished in appearance to the material composition, designated by the garage prior to be repurchased member ethanol gasoline immersion test, and then loading use.
Due to the popularity of ethanol and gasoline is also not fully used, there are many other considerations, such as when first used to carefully observe whether the engine much debug exception; long-term use in the fuel supply system to consider the rubber parts for tolerance and organic alcohols, corrosion, and the like.
7, and unleaded gasoline vehicle ethanol
ethanol gasoline for automobiles and GB17930-1999 standard unleaded petrol vehicles compared to the subject technology requirements, has the following characteristics: [123 ] (1) increasedEthanol content. Ethanol content requires 9.0 to 10.5 Percentage Percentage (V / V) range, was not artificially added containing other, but allow higher alcohol is added as a co-solvent.
(2) a percentage of the original car with 0.15 (m / m) unleaded gasoline mechanical impurities and water projects.
In the early 1920s, Brazil began to use ethanol gasoline. Lack of Brazilian petroleum resources, but rich in sugar cane, thus forming a complete set of technical sugar produced from sugar cane, alcohol. Currently, Brazil is the world’s most ethanol gasoline with ethanol content has reached 20 percentage.
The United States is another fuel ethanol consumption country in the world. 1930s ethanol gasoline in Nebraska region on the first-to-market. In 1978 the percentage of ethanol containing 10 gasoline (E10 gasoline) large-scale use in Nebraska, after the US federal government tax breaks for E10 gasoline, fuel ethanol production from 30,000 tons in 1979 increased rapidly to 269 in 1990 tons. 2000 US fuel ethanol production reached 500 million tons. With the use of MTBE in the United States and the final reduction in the amount of disabling, fuel ethanol will be the best alternative oxygenate MTBE. It predicts that by 2004 the United States fuel ethanol demand will reach 10 million tons.
8. The main advantage of
(1) reducing emissions
of the vehicle 35 as a percentage of the oxygen content of gasoline, ethanol, fuel combustion more fully, according to the National Automobile engine test and the results of the running test made by Research indicates that the use of ethanol gasoline, the engine without transformation, essentially the same dynamic performance, CO and HC emissions compound reduced by 30% or more on average, effective reducing and reducing harmful emissions.
(2) power good
ethanol methane high value (RON 111) can be higher compression is larger than the thermal efficiency and engine power. with its latent heat of evaporation, the intake air amount of the engine can be increased, thereby increasing engine power.
(3) reducing soot
ethanol vehicle by vehicleCombustion characteristics, can effectively eliminate the ignition plug, a combustion chamber, a valve, forming part of the coke muffler exhaust pipe to avoid failure caused by soot formation, component life.
(4) ease of use [123 ] lower alcohol is liquid at room temperature, easy to operate, easy storage and transportation, the conventional technology has inherited the engine, particularly when the use of ethanol gasoline blends. little structural change of the engine.
(5) self-cleaning fuel system [ 123] ethanol gasoline was added ethanol is an excellent organic solvent. Has a good cleaning effect, can effectively eliminate the vehicle’s fuel tank and the fuel oil system in impurity precipitation and coagulation (especially glial phenomenon of plastic), with good oil to clear the role.
(6) rich in resources
of the main raw material for producing ethanol crops containing sugars, starch-containing crops, and fiber-based fuel, which are rich sources of renewable resources and thus reduce fuel ethanol vehicle on oil resources dependence of energy security beneficial.
9. a major drawback
(1) low heat value
the same volume of ethanol, gasoline and only 2/3 of the energy, when it is mixed with gasoline, actually reduces the caloric content of the fuel. Therefore, also fill a tank of oil, ethanol is mixed with gasoline only less mileage.
(2) evaporation of great potential
latent heat of vaporization of ethanol gasoline 2 times the latent heat of evaporation Assembly ethanol-based fuel low temperature starting and low temperature operation performance is deteriorated, if the engine does not install the intake air preheating system, a combustion-wide when the alcohol fuel vehicle difficult to start, but in the gasoline mixing low proportion of alcohol, supplied liquid ethanol from the combustion chamber wall to heat of vaporization, evaporation latent heat this feature can be advantageously factor to improve the engine thermal efficiency and the cooling of the engine.
( 3) easy to produce air resistance
only 78.C percentage boiling point of ethanol, under normal engine operating temperature, it is easy to produce air resistance, the fuel supply amount of the fuel supply reduction or even interrupted,
(4) corrosion metals [ 123] ethanol during combustion, will produce acetic acid, corrosive to metals, especially copper, automobiles, tests showed that in the vaporOil content of ethanol at 10 percentage or less, substantially no corrosion of the metal, but the percentage of alcohol exceeds 15, the corrosion inhibitor must be added the more.
(5) Adaptability poor material
ethanol is a good solvent, the car is easy to produce a sealing rubber and other synthetic non-metallic materials some slight corrosion, volume up, cracking, or softening action.
(6) easy to layer
ethanol easily absorb water, ethanol gasoline after the moisture content exceeds the standard indicators, prone to phase separation, affect the
(7) is not a quot;. clean energy quot;
for producing ethanol according to agricultural machinery, fertilizers, transportation, processing, and other aspects of ethanol fossil fuel energy consumed by 29 percentage much higher energy than the ethanol itself can provide, so gasoline and ethanol can not be counted as clean energy, it can not reduce carbon emissions.
10, the use of ethanol gasoline List
Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Henan, and Anhui provinces;
Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou, Lianyungang, Huai’an, Yancheng and Suqian 5 City ;
Jinan, Shandong Province, Zaozhuang, Jining, Tai’an, Linyi, Liaocheng, Heze City, 7;
, Wuhan, Hubei Province, Xiangfan, Jingmen, Suizhou, Xiaogan, Shiyan, Yichang, Huangshi, Ezhou City, 9;
Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Baoding, Xingtai, Handan, Cangzhou, Hengshui six regions.
11, called on private halt
the nation’s largest membership organization of private oil companies – China Chamber of Commerce oil circulation committee (referred to as oil Commission) Zhao, president of Friends of Mountain Dew yesterday, oil Commission has petitioned the national Development and Reform Commission, calls for halt domestic corn-based ethanol fuel project immediately.
The reason why oil Commission submitted the above suggestions, because “cars and people compete corn”, led to the first half of 2010, net corn for the first timeImport situation and contributed to rising corn prices, while production of corn-based ethanol gasoline relative to domestic gasoline demand is negligible. Petroleum Commission area, he said the agency this year in market research found that some domestic ethanol plants in order to enjoy 1880 yuan per ton, state subsidies and tax policy, the use of corn processing ethanol gasoline, the new listing of corn sold out, making farming feed corn industry needed a serious shortage, and prices have risen. According to petroleum Commission investigation, there are still 10 million tons of ethanol gasoline manufacturing capacity, production levels of 3 tons per 1 ton corn ethanol gasoline industry, the needs of 30 million tons of raw corn per year.
It is noteworthy that the first half of 2010, China for the first time from a net exporter into a net importer of corn maize. According to Commerce Circulation Productivity Promotion Center of the corn industry analyst Zhang Jianbo, the first half China’s net imports of 78 million tons of corn, the fundamental reason for this situation is for overseas domestic corn prices relatively high, in July, the average corn in Northeast China Chukujiage 1845 yuan / ton, up 15.7 percentage.
It is reported that, in order to promote the development of renewable energy and new energy sources, the National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Finance and other relevant ministries have jointly introduced the policy in 2004, in Heilongjiang province and other provinces to promote corn processing ethanol gasoline vehicle pilot project, each production 1 ton car available state subsidies 1880 yuan with ethanol, and tax relief for all. But after that, with the reduction of Chen Liang, clear requirements around the country should not blind development of corn processing ethanol production capacity.
However, according to Zhao Friends of the Hill briefing, petroleum Commission investigation found that, under the temptation of the national high subsidies, Heilongjiang, currently part of the ethanol plant began production of corn ethanol gasoline, and buy up as much corn. Since farming is no state subsidies, can not withstand the high feed corn prices, which causes the supply of agricultural products on the market is facing shortages, rising prices. Friends Chao Shan said the oil has been appointed to this case reflect the NDRC, called on the government to halt corn-based ethanol fuel project, and suggested that the inclination to use the relevant subsidy program cassava, wheat straw and other raw materials to ethanol, can promote bio petrol technological developments, but also solve the problem of cars and people compete for food, “the letter we got the attention of the State Council and the leadership instructions, the NDRC is currently under study.”
12, way out of fuel ethanol
Fuel ethanol is the way out? Over the years, the domestic debate on ethanol gasoline has never been settled.
Committee on behalf of the oil business, a letter to the State Department to stop twice for fuel ethanol from corn Friends Chao Shan admitted: “The original intention of the policy is good, both can develop alternative energy sources, but also can digest inventory of stale rice but to implement scientific evaluation and planning. “
the letter of” to protect food security, the report recommended to stop using corn processing ethanol gasoline immediately. ” The report noted that ethanol gasoline can not really replace gasoline and diesel will not solve the problem fundamentally. China only because the current annual production of two million tons of ethanol gasoline, while China’s annual oil consumption of up to 400 million tons, disparities, it is difficult to eliminate the relative shortage of oil resources in China.
Friends Chao Shan rough calculations: the cost, the price per ton of corn currently on the market between about 1900 yuan -2000 yuan, calculated to produce one ton of vehicle ethanol consumes 3.3 tons of corn per ton of ethanol only the cost of corn as high as 6270 yuan -6600 yuan, when coupled with other costs, the cost of ethanol per ton of at least 8,000 yuan -9000 yuan. And this price you can buy two tons of finished gasoline or diesel fuel.
from a statistical analysis of the automotive industry sector, at present, the vehicle ethanol gasoline consumption is much higher than regular gasoline, the presence of high energy consumption, low efficiency of the phenomenon. And a vehicle ethanol gasoline cars, the cost of a year of regular gasoline than vehicles using high 1,500 yuan.
It is understood that, at present, China has become after Brazil, the third largest US ethanol producer and biofuel applications countries in the world. The state approved the construction of four bio-fuel ethanol production pilot project, it has formed an annual production capacity of 1.02 million tons.
COFCO Biochemical Energy (Zhaodong) Co., Ltd. is the most powerful production base of alcohol. Friends Chao Shan analysts say, according to its annual corn production of 3.1 million tons of various types of ethanol are calculated, corn consumption of 10 million tons a year. China’s grain reserves of only 225 million tons, Heilongjiang grain reserves of about 10 million tons, while consumption of grain in the grain Zhaodong, is the country’s grain reserves1/20, equivalent to the amount of Heilongjiang province.
in order to completely eradicate the severe impact of the use of corn processing ethanol gasoline to food security and interests of the people brought Zhao Friends of the Hill proposals immediately stop the preferential policies for ethanol companies, and to tilt to the current cost of these subsidies and taxation is higher than the stale rice the above wheat straw to ethanol for fuel processing, and cassava.
It is understood that removal of the national appropriation of 1880 yuan subsidy other than enterprise incentives for ethanol also includes exemption from 5 percent consumption tax, value added tax is refunded to enjoy stale rice subsidies, while the proportion of subsidy required by the central and local governments share the burden.