damper (Absorber), when the shock absorber is mainly used to suppress the shock-absorbing springs and rebound after the impact from the road surface. When after a rough road, although the shock-absorbing spring can filter the vibration of the road, but the spring itself will have to reciprocate, and the shock absorber is used to inhibit this spring jump. The shock absorber is too soft, the body will be jumping up and down, shock absorbers too hard will bring too much resistance, hinder the normal spring work. In the conversion process on the suspension system, the shock absorber to be matched hard and stiff spring, and the spring stiffness of the vehicle weight and closely related, and therefore generally use heavier vehicles harder damper. Means in contact with the lead shock crankshaft, torsional vibrations counter for the crankshaft (i.e., a crankshaft by cylinder firing impact force twisting phenomenon).
1. Damper Glossary
damper (Absorber), when the shock absorber is mainly used to suppress the shock-absorbing springs and rebound after the impact from the road surface.
2. The operating principle of the shock absorber
Since the elastic suspension system vibration generated by the impact member, to improve vehicle ride, the suspension damper mounted in parallel with the elastic member, attenuation vibration, vehicle suspension system uses mostly hydraulic shock absorber, its working principle is that when the frame (or body) and the vibration occurring between the axle relative movement, the piston moves up and down inside a shock absorber, damper fluid chamber it repeatedly through different apertures from one chamber into the other chamber. At this time, the friction between the fluid and the friction between the hole wall and the molecules of oil vibration damping force is formed, the automobile vibration energy into thermal energy fluid and then absorbed by the damper emitted to the atmosphere. When oil passage section and the other factors constant, the damping force with the relative velocity between the frame and axle (or wheel) decrease, and the related oil viscosity.
the elastic damper elements bear the impact and ease the task of damping, the damping force is too large, the elastic suspension will deteriorate, or even damage the connector so that the damper. To adjust the surface due to the elastic member and the damper this contradiction.
(1) in the compression stroke (near the axle and the frame to each other), the shock absorber damping force is small, to maximize the elasticity of the elastic member, ease the impact. At this time, the elastic member play a major role.
(2) the suspension stroke stretch (axle and frame away from each other), the shock absorber damping force should be large, rapidly damping.
(3) When the relative speed between the axle (or wheel) and the axle is too large, the shock absorber can automatically increase the required liquid flow, damping force is kept within certain limits, to avoid excessive impact load to bear.
In the vehicle suspension system the shock absorber cartridge is widely used, and can play the role of shock absorption in the compression stroke and elongationCalled double-acting shock absorbers, are used by the new shock absorber, pneumatic shock absorber comprising an adjustable resistance and shock absorber.
double-acting cylindrical shock absorber works Description: during the compression stroke, an automobile body closer to the wheel, the damper is compressed, the piston 3 is moved downward within the damper case. The piston reducing the volume of the lower chamber, oil temperature, oil flow flowing through the valve 8 to the upper piston chamber (upper chamber). The chamber is a piston rod takes up part of the space, thereby increasing the cavity volume less than the volume of the chamber is reduced, a part of the oil so they open compression valve 6, flow back into the storage tank 5. Suspension damping force by the compression movement of these valves formed oil savings. When done damper stroke, corresponding to the wheel away from the body, the shock absorber under tension. In this case the shock absorber piston moves upward. The hydraulic piston chamber rises, the flow valve 8 is closed, the fluid chamber 4 flows into the valve open stretch the lower chamber. Due to the presence of the piston rod, from the lower to the upper chamber of the oil flow is not sufficient to increase the volume of the cavity is filled, the chamber dictates generating a vacuum degree, when the fluid in the storage tanks pushed compensating valve 7 flows into the lower chamber for supplement. Because of the throttling action of the valves play a role in dampening the suspension movement of stretching.
Since the stretching force of the valve spring stiffness and preload is greater than the design of compression valve, under the same pressure, the total passage area of the carrier and the corresponding valve normally done through a slit smaller than the compression valve and the respective normally-slot channel the sum of the cross-sectional area. This makes the damping force generated by the shock absorber is greater than the stroke of the stretching force of the compression stroke damping, to achieve rapid damping requirements.
3. Damper free
● angle divided material
from the productHealth division angle damping material, hydraulic shock absorbers are mainly two kinds of inflatable and, there is a variable damping shock absorber.
(1) hydraulic
is widely used for vehicle suspension system hydraulic shock absorber. The principle is that, when the frame and axle relative reciprocating motion of the piston when the shock absorber of the child inside the cylinder reciprocates, the oil in the damper housing will be repeated from the inflow lumen through some other narrow pore a lumen. At this time, the friction and the internal friction of the liquid with the liquid molecules will form the inner wall of the vibration damping force.
(2) inflatable
inflatable shock since the 1960s, developed a new type of shock absorber. The structure is characterized in a lower portion of the cylinder with a floating piston, a sealed chamber is formed in an end of the floating piston and cylinder is filled with high pressure nitrogen species. An O-ring on the large cross section of the floating piston, which completely separate the oil and gas. Equipped therewith the speed is changed on the working piston compression valve passage sectional area and elongation of the valve. When the wheels up and down, the working oil in the shock absorber piston reciprocates species, so that hydraulic pressure difference is generated between the upper and lower chambers of the working piston, the oil pressure will open the valve and a compression valve and flow back and forth done. Since large damping force generating valve on the oil pressure, the vibration damping.
● angle divided structure
Structure of the shock absorber with a piston rod is inserted into the cylinder, the oil filled in the cylinder. Piston orifice, so that the two pistons are separated out of the oil subspace can complement each other. It is generated when the damping orifice having a viscous oil, the smaller the orifice, the greater the damping force, the greater the viscosity of the oil, the greater the damping force. If the orifice size unchanged when fast speed operating shock absorber damping too much effect on the absorption of shocks. Thus, the orifice is provided at the outlet of a disk-shaped leaf spring valve, when the pressure is increased, the top valve is opened, the opening degree of the orifice is increased, the damping becomes small. Since the piston movement is bi-directional, so the sides of the piston are equipped with a leaf spring valves, valves and elongation are called compression valves.
damper according to their structure, is divided into two kinds of monocular and binoculars. Can be further divided into: single cylinder gas pressure shock absorbers, hydraulic shock absorbers binoculars, binoculars and gas shock absorbers.
(1) double barrel
refers to both internal and external shock absorber cylinder, a piston moving the inner cylinder, the piston rod enters the pumpThe volume of oil within the cylinder and the consequent increase in shrinkage, and therefore to maintain the balance of oil through the inner tube and the outer tube exchange. Therefore, the shock absorber binoculars have four valves, i.e. in addition to the two throttle valves on the piston mentioned above, there are mounted to complete the exchange valve and the action of the flow compensation valve between the inner and outer cylinders.
(2) single cylinder
Compared with the double cylinder, single cylinder shock absorber of simple structure, a valve system is reduced. It is equipped with a floating piston in the lower portion of the cylinder, (so called floating piston refers not control its movements), forming a closed air chamber below the floating piston, is filled with high-pressure nitrogen. Liquid level variation caused by the piston rod out of the oil mentioned above can automatically adapt to the floating by the floating piston. In addition to the above two kinds of shock, there are adjustable shock resistance. It is the size of the orifice can be changed by an external operation. Recent automotive electronic control damper as standard equipment, the traveling state detected by the sensor, the optimal damping force calculated by the computer, so that damping force adjustment mechanism damper work automatically.
4. The substantially cylindrical shock absorber described
The damper is widely used in automotive suspension systems, and can play the role of shock absorption in the compression stroke and elongation Therefore it is called double-acting shock absorbers.
assembly comprising: a piston rod, the cylinder barrel, pistons, valves done, cylindrical storage tanks, compression valve, compensating valves, flow valve, a guide shoe, dust cover, seal.
moves closer to the vehicle body in the vehicle wheel when the shock absorber is compressed, the shock absorber at this time the piston moves downwards. Receiving lower piston chamberReduced product, oil temperature, oil flow flowing through the valve chamber above the piston flows (upper chamber). The chamber is a piston rod takes up part of the space, thereby increasing the cavity volume less than the volume of the chamber is reduced, a part of the oil so they open compression valve, flow back into the cylinder. Suspension damping force by the compression movement of these valves formed oil savings. Shock absorbers in the wheel away from the body, the shock absorber under tension, then the upward movement of the shock absorber piston. The hydraulic piston chamber increases, the circulation valve is closed, the fluid chamber flows into the lower chamber pushing the valve stretch. Due to the presence of the piston rod, from the lower to the upper chamber of the oil flow is not sufficient to increase the volume of the cavity is filled, into a vacuum chamber, dictated degrees, when the storage tanks of the oil flows into the lower open the compensation valve chamber complement . Because of the throttling action of the valves, and therefore the suspension damping action functions when doing stretching exercise.
Since the stretching force of the valve spring stiffness and preload is greater than the design of compression valve, under the same pressure, the valve and the corresponding stretch of normally-sectional area of the total gap and smaller than the compression valve and the passage through the corresponding slot channel normally the sum of the cross-sectional area. This makes the damping force generated by the shock absorber is greater than the stroke of the stretching force of the compression stroke damping, to achieve rapid damping requirements.