of the door is an important vehicle body member, but also the occupant on and off the channel, to facilitate the occupant to get off, to ensure passenger safety and good visibility and lighting closed. In recent years, will only ever be used on passenger cars sliding doors, placed outside the door to the use of the car, and there have been very easy to get on and off the gull-wing doors, the doors are designed in a variety of innovative ideas and practice of human engineering combined with the application, the ultimate goal is the premise of the people can be more convenient to get on and off, more of highlighting their own differences.
1. Composition of the door
generally consists of three parts of the door door, door trim and accessories cover plates.
1. The door includes a door inner panel, door outer panels, door frame, a door and a door reinforcing beam reinforcing plate.
2. The accessory includes a door hinge of the door, the door check, a door lock mechanism and the inner and outer handles, door glass, lifts the glass and sealing strip.
3. The trim cover includes a fixing plate, the core plate, the interior skin, armrest.
2. The door configuration
into a unitary, split, passenger doors and golf suteng four passenger doors.
First, the overall doors
At work we encounter the most is the overall doors. This simple disassembly of the door, the door trim simply remove the work can be carried out. But the complexity of the internal structure of the door, many related parts, repair sheet metal door, space is small, very beneficial tool to enter, very inconvenient to manipulate.
Second, the split door
The most representative is red passenger door. Such a door inner panel and the skeleton are isolated, and the inner door trim panel required disassembly maintenance backbone. This form of repair sheet metal door of the very favorable, there is enough space available, but for other repair parts, replace more trouble. Further disassembled every time the frame after its installation position is repeatedly adjusted to ensure its correct position adjacent member, otherwise it will affect how easily the door switch and sealing performance.
Third, the golf passenger door
Golf passenger door absorbed the advantages of the two doors. Integrally mounted on the lifter all accessories, locks, etc., and the lifter mounted on a high-strength aluminum alloy plate, and then bolted to the door, the overall strength of the progress of both the door, the door sealing performance has progressed, However, disassembly is too much trouble, is not conducive to the work of a small sheet metal.
Fourth, the passenger door suteng / PGT;
Sagitar door passenger car is based on the golf passenger door and made new improvements. Without disassembling the door trim panel, the door panel can be removed to perform maintenance work and replacement of parts of the sheet metal door. Disassembly is simple, easy, greatly reduces the labor intensity, improve work efficiency, where relevant component replacement is highlighted its advantages.
3. Door door features
(1) the door opening position, the opening size and shape should be reasonable to determine the number of doors, so that the occupant to get off easily.
(2) in a door opening and closing process, not cause interference with other parts of the door movement.
(3) opening and closing the door, lifting the glass should be lightweight and comfortable, then the operation of each door member.
Design
(4) door vehicle model should be the same shape comprising an outer door and a blocking surface shape, and the interior of the cover.
4. Classification door
opened its doors way it can be divided into eight kinds.
a straight open
Direct doors open, is the most widely used today, the most practical way to open the door. In both the open front end of the door rotation center. It is in line with people’s actual living habits, and have access to a larger space, more convenient passenger access to the vehicle, freedom, personality alone is not enough.
Analysis: 1 into the car when the door is opened, the car 2 extends into the right foot, half of the body into the door, while the right leg as a supporting point, 3 bending down, most of the body into the car , holding the steering wheel or hand grip (by, hold) a certain object (to be strong), seating 4, 5 left foot into the car, the door 6 left off. In this six movements on the car, get off it is to do the opposite.
on the car door, the door handle is located near the waist of the vehicle, with the person’s natural hand height almost vertical position, it is easy to open the door, the handle of the pressure-sensitive point, easy to open the door. Get off at the door when a closer look, the designers good use of the natural movement of the human arm outward Shui elbow, forearm on the inner door panel armrests board inside the car door panel armrests pull the pin is in the palm of your hand, finger touch position, pull the pin a pull, an elbow, the door will open, good use of the structural characteristics of human arm. On and off throughout the course of action is not difficult, is the need to bend over, sometimes accidentally bump your head.
Second, the gull-wing
gull-wing doors, can be said to be a milestone in the door design, it appears, for the first time to break the monotony of straight open door stereotypes, left and right sides of the chassis are provided two thick parallel beams, the results lead to the installation of conventional doors, desperation, chief designer Bernhard Wilhelm Rudolf * come up with creative upwardly to open the door, called a gull-wing door . Descendants of the gull-wing doors are formed a number of improvements in many different styles, mainly in two ways: direct and gull-wing obliquely gullwing.
1, straight gullwing
Direct gull-wing doors are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the top of the door on both sides expand. It is perfectly adapted in a simple and low-cost production process on the basis ofSide of the vehicle complex lines, not just yet beautiful, and express individuality. However, the strength of the bottom hinge poor reliability, easily damaged, because the hinge upwardly to open the door can not be subjected to excessive weight of the door, so the use of lightweight materials like carbon fiber made using such a vehicle door structure mostly super run. Secondly, such a door structure, poor security, there is a serious safety hazard, but a roll, it can not open the door, the other structures of the gull-wing doors roof strength greater damage.
Analysis: large lateral space, but passengers out of vertical space is very limited. This design makes the body more tall passengers must bend down when out of the vehicle, plus more low body sports car, even if the standard figure passengers will inevitably meet.
2, the swash gullwing / butterflywing
Improved from straight gullwing doors to open the door. A column axis to the door, the rotary door deployment. Obliquely raised door like a butterfly spread wings, so also known as Butterfly. Butterfly used in high-performance sports car, not only highlights the aggressive sports car, but in a sense reflects the sense of speed flying. Although it intensity difference, but elegant, perfect in all the advantages while retaining the old-fashioned straight gull-wing doors, there are some breakthroughs in space.
Analysis: oblique open the door to create a more vertical space for passengers and out, straight to solve the gull-wing passenger height due to shortcomings that must be bending down and out. Using the gull-wing doors and straight out of the car open manner substantially the same, but on a larger area of the opening at the door, get on and off the larger active area, to facilitate personnel access, on and off as the door open and straight, ergonomic good design is always able to get heritage. But obliquely opened the door to reach the height of the face, resulting in a passenger out obstacles on the field of vision, it is the habit of the human senses, there are certain pressure.
Third, the scissor
also known as the guillotine, it is to improve the new Lamborghini doors open gull-wing doors create a way in 1974. Door scissors along the center of the most distal end of the door, to expand vertically upward rotation, which is inclined with gull-wing doors are very different, which is the most proud Lamborghini point. Because the door is perpendicular to the vertical, and so in addition has a gull-wing shape as aesthetic, but also saves space around the vehicle, to avoid the door may have been opened outward bump. So that passengers can be parked in the narrowFree access to the car interior space. But the strength of the poor, narrow space.
Analysis: Since there is no door action abduction, the passenger can be provided out of the narrow space is limited, several door opening is relatively inconvenient embodiment one of direct and gull-wing doors, have a meet shortcomings. Fourth, suicide
suicide is the least offensive way to open a door. Is called suicide because of poor early industry, if not related to the door tight, quickly driving on the road, the reverse flow suddenly opened the door, inside the passenger can easily be thrown from the vehicle. And indeed there is such a case. Suicide open the way open and direct opposite to the rear end of the shaft door swings open.
forward opening, larger access space, the straight front opening suicide may cancel the B-pillar II provides great space, personality elegant door, but this open the door to open to seeing straight door people a sense of reversal, back doors open, there is a sense of speed suppression visually. Body strength deteriorates. Analysis: open forward, providing greater access to space, passengers can sit back directly into the car, elegant style action, suitable for luxury models.
Fourth, the revolving door
This is a new way of specific door, Koenigsegg is the creation of unique design and its application in cars in the series. Very innovative. A revolving door pillar to that axis, to achieve a unique set of door-opening operation – abduction, rotary, pushed forward. Abduction smaller, saving space on both sides. 90 degrees off the door, the door also solved scissors and straight out of the narrow space gull-wing door disadvantage appearance more beautiful, but the cost is high. Analysis: push the car in front, and get the suicide, as the doors open straight out of maximum space.
V. , slide-type
without sliding door hinge, it is by rolling the roller on the rail to the door switch. It’s the door very wide, but not as opened the doors to open the door as to occupy a larger space. Because of the track, it is required flat body, a high, and thus a large analyzed limitations: the maximum out of the space obtained
VII sliding door
In order to facilitate vertical car, Opened the door in such a way, is slightly more convenient than straight open, but is not suitable for large-scale use, there is no change in human terms, the cost is still high.
Eight, the whole hidden
The front and rear than the waffle but also convenient, but get off on opening the door, there are many uncertain factors affecting the doors open , no breakthrough in terms of ergonomics.