one or more sources of power equipment, motor vehicles driven wheels (including the extended-electric).
1 Electric Vehicle Classification
Electric vehicles Category
refers to an electric vehicle equipped with one or more sources of power, the motor drives the wheels of the vehicle traveling (including extended-range electric). The Pacific Automotive Network classification for electric vehicles, including pure electric and extended range electric.
2. pure electric vehicles noun interpretation
pure electric vehicles, also known as battery electric vehicles (Electric battery Vehicle), refers to the battery power is fully charged prior to the motor vehicle driven by an electric motor, and the battery power is supplemented by an external power supply, and in line with road traffic , the requirements of vehicle safety regulations. The environmental impact of conventional cars is relatively small, its outlook is widely optimistic.
EV composition
composed of an electric vehicle comprising: an electric drive and control system, the driving force transmission and other mechanical systems, means completion of a given task and the like. Electric drive and control system is the core of electric vehicles, the biggest difference is different from the internal combustion engine vehicles. Electric drive and control system by a speed control unit for driving the motor, and a motor power supply components. Other means of substantially identical electric vehicle internal combustion engine vehicle.
Principle: battery – current – power conditioner – Motor – Powertrain – driving the vehicle with
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pure electric vehicle performance characteristics
today’s pure electric car is pretty good in many ways, sports aspect, Tesla Models, acceleration from 0 to 100km / h km / h in 3.4 seconds, for example, the general car Smart ED 0 to 50km / h is 6.5 seconds, which is mainly due to the performance of the motor, but when used on a large weight-bearing purposes, the use of pure electric vehicles not many, this may be due to the performance and cost of the battery actions. In terms of strengths twist the motor, so the general use torque will not be a problem.
As the torque output of the motor stability control is also easier than internal combustion engines, electric vehicles traveling relatively smooth, vibration and noise is small; nor do they need such as general cars need regular shift as to ensure an adequate power. E.g. Tesla Models from rest to turn a gear speed only.
Technical features
● By high energy conversion efficiency. Fuel cell energy conversion efficiency may be as high as 60 to 80 percentage of 2 to 3 times the internal combustion engine;
● zero emissions, no pollution. Hydrogen and oxygen fuel cell, product water is clean;
● extensive hydrogen fuel source can be obtained from renewable energy sources, is not dependent on fossil fuels.
Representative models: Tesla Models
3 extended range electric DESCRIPTION
● extended range electric (also known as a series hybrid, in. Pacific automotive network to classify electric vehicle classification)
rely on generators with electric vehicles, power output of the engine configuration only facilitates generators. System output power equal to the motor output power. One of the most famous is the Chevrolet Voltec, the BMW i3.
this type of model, strictly speaking, remains the
of electric vehicles . Only car an electric drive system , including Motor control circuit, a battery . Extended range of plug-in hybrid directly to the motor driving the wheels , the engine is used to drive a generator to charge the battery. Since the engine does not directly drive the wheels, and therefore does not need the transmission. This is equivalent to an ordinary electric vehicle loaded with a petrol / diesel generators.
Advantages:
1 having an electricQuiet car, a large starting torque advantage when the electric vehicle can be used only in the charging condition of the charging convenient, without refueling, low cost;.
2 hybrid compared to other modes, by Range-extended hybrid transmission can not, costs decreased slightly. Due to an engine with power, as long as you can always run down gas station, where convenient charging of the trailer will not be forced to address the shortage of infrastructure problems;
3 because the engine does not directly drive the wheels. engine speed and wheel speed, vehicle speed is not directly related, optimized control system that allows the engine has been working at optimum speed, even when charging inconvenience, fuel consumption under city traffic jam traffic is relatively low, the engine noise can be controlled very small.
Disadvantages:
1 resulting in wasted power. Since the engine and the generator do not directly drive the wheels, resulting in a waste of this part of the power, and the engine and generator is not caused by weight reduction. For example: an extended-range plug-in hybrid car engine power 50KW, generator power 50KW, motor power 100KW, 200KW total power of the vehicle carrying the engine and the motor, but can drive the wheels of power only 100KW.
2. In a road at high speed, but high fuel consumption. This is because the high-speed road, if the engine drives the wheels directly, you can always work in the best mode, and extended-range plug-in hybrid one more conversion process, the conversion itself to consume energy, resulting in higher fuel consumption instead.
Representative models: representative of this type of model BMW I3 (optional extender module), Chevrolet Volt (hidden in the direct drive mode), and Kama Fisker Audi A1 e-tron.
BMW I3
4. The extended-range electric structural features introduced
● System Configuration
In general this type of model, strictly speaking, is still
Electric Vehicle . Only car an electric drive system , including Motor control circuit, a battery . Extended range of plug-in hybrid directly to the motor driving the wheels , the engine is used to drive a generator to charge the battery. Since the engine does not directly drive the wheels, and therefore does not need the transmission. This is equivalent to an ordinary electric vehicle loaded with a petrol / diesel generators.
For the extended range electric type, here we have a choice of Volt, as representative feature Liezi explain.
Chevrolet Volt technical analysis
Voltec hybrid system is the latest version of GM E-Flex socket plug-in hybrid drive system, uses 1 small engine, two motors the vehicle integrated drive system. Using Wal-blue is the capacity of lithium batteries 16kWh of 360V, T-cell compositions are arranged, and central body hidden under the rear seats, the maximum electric mileage up 80km. Voltec entire hybrid system includes a gasoline engine, an integrated power distribution system, high-capacity lithium battery and a power control unit.
● member parse
fertile Landa power system consists of 2 motors (and maximum power of 55kW 111kW) and an engine (maximum power of 63kW) composed of an engine for power generation only. Wherein mainly large power motor for driving the vehicle, and the power generation mainly for a small motor.
motors 2 and 1Composition of the engine power through a planetary gear mechanism and a clutch are 3 / recovery / distribution system. Toyota THS and the same system, Voltec system also uses a planetary gear set cleverly integrated to achieve a distribution of power. The difference is that, in Voltec system, the sun gear connected to the motor, the carrier is directly connected to the reduction mechanism output power to the wheels, while the ring gear is connected to the actual situation of the power distribution system housing (fixed) or connected to the power and engines.
5. The extended range electric operating logic Introduction
operating logic
To understand the operation of the system logic, we must first understand structure power distribution system. From the power distribution control system is quite different Voltec with THS system, the power distribution system to control Voltec through three clutches. We named these three clutches C1, C2, C3. C1 for connecting the ring gear of the planetary gear housing of the power distribution mechanism (fixed); C2 for connecting the generator to the ring gear of the planetary gear; a C3 for connecting the engine and the generator. The system can be found in the structure diagram in FIG.
Voltec hybrid system a total of five modes of operation, namely: EV low speed mode, the EV-speed mode, EREV mixed low-speed mode, EREV mixed high-speed mode and energy recovery mode. When
is in the low-speed EV Mode, C1 pull,C2, C3 release, engine stall. The ring gear is fixed, the motor driven rotation of the sun gear, the carrier because rotation of the sun gear is rotated, the power is transmitted to the reduction gear and transmitted to the wheels.
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When a high speed in the EV mode, C2 pull, C1, C3 release, engine stall. In this case the electric motor acts as a generator to work to promote the rotation of the ring gear. Meanwhile, another large power motor driven rotation of the sun gear. Simultaneous rotation of the ring gear and the sun gear, the carrier rotatably driven, whereby the power transmitted to the wheels. The motor acts as a generator driven gear rotates, reduces the speed of the other motor connected to the sun wheel, which increases the energy utilization. When
is in the low speed mode EREV, C1, C3 pull, C2 released engine operation. In this case, the engine driven generator, and charging the battery; while the battery-powered electric motor driven rotation of the sun gear, the ring gear is fixed, the carrier is rotated to follow the sun gear, whereby the power transmitted to the wheels. When
is in the high speed mode EREV, C2, C3 pull, a C1 released engine operation. At this time, the engine and the generator rotor is rotated while the ring gear driven connection generator, the motor driven rotation of the sun gear. Simultaneous rotation of the ring gear and the sun gear, the carrier rotatably driven, whereby the power transmitted to the wheels. A ring gear rotatably driven engine, reduce the speed of the motor is connected to the other sun wheel, which increases the energy utilization.
when in the energy recovery Mode, C1 pull, C2, C3 release, engine stall. Driven wheel rotates the carrier, the ring gear is fixed, the carrier rotates with the sun gear. At this time, large power motor as a generator to charge the battery.