1. Introduction
oil
oil, i.e. the engine lubricating oil, as the vehicle “blood”, can play a lubricating, cleaning, cooling, sealing of the engine , reducing wear and so on.
motor oil standards
Viscosity Standards: The SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) viscosity classification, used to distinguish different lubricants apply temperature range.
Performance Standards: mainly API (American Petroleum Institute) classification performance for distinguishing the lubricating oil performance and quality.
Other categories include ACEA (European Automobile Manufacturers Association), and each classification manufacturer (Japan Automobile Standards Organization) engine JASO.
2, action
the heart of the automobile engine, there are many metal surfaces in the engine friction motion, fast speed of movement of these components, the environment is poor, the working temperature up to 400 ° C to 600 ° C. In the face of such bad condition that only qualified lubricants available to reduce engine wear and tear parts, extended service life, then the oil What are the requirements to be qualified to meet it? That is what the role of the lubricant is six?
1, antifriction lubricating: between the piston and the cylinder, are present between the spindle and the bush rapid relative sliding, to prevent excessive wear of the parts, it is necessary to establish the lubricant film between the two sliding surfaces. An oil film of sufficient thickness will be relatively slidable parts spaced apart from the surface, thus to decrease the wear.
2, cooling down: heat of the oil can be re-circulated back to the sump tank into the air to help cool the engine.
3, washed clean: good oil can be carbides engine parts, sludge, wear metal particles circulating back through the sump, the lubricating oil flowing through, generating parts flushing dirty work surface thereof.
4, leak-proof seal: the oil may be formed between a piston ring and the pistonSeals, reducing gas leakage and prevent external contamination from entering.
5, antirust and anticorrosion of: adsorption of the lubricating oil can be prevented from contacting water, air, acidic substances and harmful gases in the part with the part surface.
6, shock absorption cushioning: when a sharp rise in the engine cylinder port pressure, a great load on the flare piston, crumbs, connecting rod and crankshaft bearings, the load transmitted through the bearing lubrication, so that withstand the impact load acts as a cushion.
3, Category
There is currently on the market because of the oil base oils of different profile may be divided into two kinds of mineral oils and synthetic oils (vegetable oil production because it is not scarce count). Synthetic oil is divided into: whole and into and semi-synthetic. Fully synthetic motor oil is the highest level.
The greatest difference is both: synthetic oil temperature using a wider, longer life, and higher costs; the same film requirements, low viscosity synthetic oil can be used to reach, and mineral oil to required with respect to the thicker viscosity synthetic oil is available to achieve such a request. In the same work environment, because many use synthetic oil after deadline, so the higher the cost of longer than mineral oil, but more oil changes, not much higher than mineral oil.
4, reference numeral
1 suitable for very hot oil region 60 series
Viscosity of the lubricating oil is often used as SAE grade designations, SAE is the abbreviation “Society of automotive engineers” in English. For example: SAE15W-40, SAE5W-40, “W” represents Winter (Winter), the smaller the number in front of its low temperature fluidity of the oil, the better, the lower the ambient temperature representatives available when the engine cold start the better protection; “W” behind (a rear cross) figure is an index of the oil temperature, the greater the value the better the protection of oil properties at elevated temperatures.
(SAE) for ambient temperatureDegree (° C)
5w resistant to external low temperature -30 ° C
2. 0W series for extremely cold regions oil
10w resistant to external low temperature -25 ° C
15w external low temperature -20 ° C
20w resistant to external low temperature -15 ° C
[123 ] 30 external resistant temperature 30 ° C
40 resistant to external temperature 40 ° C
50 resistant to external temperature 50 ° C
Thus opinion, a suitable external 5W-40 engine oil temperature range from -30 ° C to 40 ° C; and 10W-30 oils suitable for external temperature range is -25 ° C to 30 ° C. From which we can determine the selected oil at different temperatures under standard FIG.
Standard oil of different temperatures is selected from
5, classification
at the beginning of “S” series represents a gasoline engine oil, specifications: SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF, SG, SH, SJ, SL.
“C” series represents the beginning of a diesel engine oil, specifications are: CA, CB, CC, CD, CE, CF, CF-2, CF-4, CG-4, CH-4, CI- 4.
When the “S” and “C” exist two letters, this indicates that the vapor of oil / diesel universal.
From the “SA” until “SL”, a letter for each increment, the performance of the oil will be one of the oil to be more protected than the front of the engine additive. After more by the letter, the higher the quality level, engine oil level and more international brands in more than SF levels.
6, how to choose a car engine oil
oil Since the engine according to types of engine oil into gasoline and diesel engines, engine oil, gasoline engine oil into a corresponding engine oil, diesel engine oil quality classification is followed API S a letters and API C followed by a letter to the English alphabetical order, respectively gasoline engine oil and diesel oil, followed by the more after the higher level. The higher-level API SG API SH level, and therefore must first determine the choice of diesel oil or gasoline engine oil when the engine oil chosen. As represented API SH / CD packaging of the engine oil, oil for gasoline it indicates that the oil level reaches SH, as diesel oil, to achieve the level of CD.
according to the current situation, API level is backward compatible, API SL oil may be used for quality level required engine oil API SH. If possible, try to use a higher level of engine oil, because it provides better protection for the engine. Generally speaking, the higher the quality level of the engine oil, the more expensive price. But not the other way round.
selects the engine oil is to be determined using the corresponding quality level or higher level in accordance with the specification requirements of the depot. Select the engine oil also consider the changing seasons. Since oil viscosity varies with temperature, viscosity thickens in winter, summer, low viscosity, and therefore in very hot areas, try to choose a slightly higher oil viscosity oil. In the cold season, you can use a more dilute oil. But now high-quality oil can be used in a variety of weather conditions at the same time. The Mobil 1 0W-40.
road has little influence on the choice of engine oil, but poor road conditions largely affect oil life, traffic areas, oil drain intervals should be shortened.
Further, the new engine design requirements, the use of electronically controlled fuel injection, catalytic converter working conditions, EGR, PCV and turbocharged, intercooled technology, the engine is more demanding, use of high quality engine oil level can be extended engine life, reduce fuel consumption, reduce wear, extended drain intervals, saving oil, saving maintenance costs and improve efficiency. A high level of engine oil can substitute low-level, low-level engine oil can not be used for advanced engines.
Oil is now available in the market varietiesMany, two different brands of motor oil is best not to mix, due to the different brands of oil additive used may be different, mix may cause oil deterioration. Be sure to mix such, can do first two kinds of compatibility testing of oil, such as compatibility, you can, but this use, the quality of the new oil will drop a lot.
lubricants market was mixed, how to distinguish good and bad lubricating it? General appearance alone is difficult to distinguish between high and low quality engine oil, so pay attention when buying oil should try to choose well-known brands of lubricants, as far as possible to the store to buy well-known brands, according to identify the quality of the oil grade API represents the level of quality , oil packaging manufacturer address, manufacturing date, batch is complete and clear.
7, the relevant knowledge
First, the sewing machine lubricants can not be mixed
What sewing lubricants used in the technical specification are clearly requirements, should be required to choose. However, in practice, the situation may be run into the buy suitable oil, in this case, the choice of the lubricating oil viscosity level equal or close, the higher quality level, such as the AA level Dajiewang substituted Dajiewang class a, class a Dajiewang replace Dajiewang class B, high low this generation may be temporary, it can be a long, long time to replace, should be extended drain intervals, to avoid wastage. Dajiewang sewing polymer lubricants are fully sealed assembly reaction, and filtered through a multilayer, high-grade domestic use synthetic oil processing solvent from pure green advanced sewing machine oil, high temperature, heat, oxidation strong viscosity multiple functions.
plurality of sewing machine oil-name appears on the market, these sewing machine oil high mechanical impurities, oxidation of the poor, low viscosity characteristic, contain various additives. It will produce confrontation after some additive mix effect, reducing performance. Therefore, the lubricating oil do not mix different brands as much as possible, to avoid accidents.
Second, the use Dajiewang sewing appear yellowish oil lubricants during normal
A:? Appears pale yellow oil phenomenon is a natural phenomenon, due to the large DJW lubricating sewing material used for the whole oil extraction solvent through the resinPolymer synthesis over cracking, the heated oxygen-resistant layer is formed or after contamination, so there are light yellow.
Third, the vehicle may be worse clothes oil
A:? In general, equipment wear member is surface-treated, and therefore part surface high hardness, easy to wear, but relatively soft internal parts, and some older devices existing wear part surface, more so with poor lubricant accelerates wear parts. We do not recommend using lower-level sewing machine oil or poor.
The use of sewing machine oil is not important, as long as sewing machine oil on the line, just buy some in the market can be used
A:? Absolutely have to pay attention to oil use, oil is like a human body blood, bad oil will damage your expensive equipment, there are a lot of no-name sewing machine oil on the market, these small-scale manufacturers, technology is weak, in the production process very susceptible to contamination, product sales and then not provide complete and timely sales service. By using these no-name quality sewing machine oil accident occurs, you can not get good timely service, giving users a serious loss, it is recommended to buy should have sales of credibility yield of the well-known brands, “Wang Jie” sewing machine oil.
Fifth, the replaced after the expiration of the use of lubricating oil can be reused if
A:? Some users will be replaced after repeated use of oil-precipitation treatment this is not right, after the oil by the use of the performance will be reduced, replaced the use of oil equivalent to the use of substandard products.
Six, oil change period to the possibility of using part of the lubricating oil to put part of the lubricating oil then add the way
A:? Should try to be exhausted oil, with over oil and new oil mixed with equal reduced lubricant level, will shorten the lifetime of the lubricating oil.
Seven, how to judge the quality of lubricating oil from the appearance of
A:? Qualified lubricant clear, colorless liquid, high viscosity oil color slightly shallow yellow. (Viscosity generally higher than # 20 have this phenomenon) if the black oil, impurities or contain water, may be regarded as inferior oil. Advanced equipment Be sure to use regular branded lubricant oil produced, non-branded products is difficult to have quality assurance, and more fake oil on the market, aScheduled to pay attention.
Eight, imported equipment How to choose an alternative oil
A:? Imported equipment generally recommend products and services offered in the country can find alternative products from convenience or economy, but must be careful, be sure to choose the right model, and some oil and some special requirements, recommendations of the Advisory lubricants specialized units, are welcome to use the manufacturers call the communication and contact us, we will provide free consulting services.
Nine, as long as the oil in exchange for handling, lubricants can be used almost
? A: No, the lubricating oil will destroy the low friction surface friction member , hardness of the layer was damaged parts will deepen worn parts, the hardness layer damage is irreparable, the surface roughness becomes more damage caused by abrasion, creating a vicious cycle.
ten, sewing lubricant viscosity What does this mean
A:? Simply put: oil viscosity is the speed at which certain conditions, the flow of lubricating oil viscosity will change in viscosity with temperature changes under conditions of 40 ℃ deg.] C or 100 currently used in the world as a standard.
XI, sewing whether high oil viscosity lubricant Description good quality
A:? Not! Eligible lubricating viscosity in addition to the outer mass further comprises a many indicators, and therefore not only to assess the quality of lubricating oil viscosity.
Twelve, equipment operation, lubricating oil bubble is how it
A:? General lubricants quality problems, use of lubricants is not qualified should appear a lot of foam, the user should not be used lubricating oil will produce bubbles. Another possible cause is contaminated can cause foam, so pay attention to avoid lubricating oil to mix two or more properties.
thirteen, what was meant viscosity index
? A: Any changes in lubricant viscosity with temperature vary, the viscosity index of the oil to determine the viscosity changes with temperature change the data rate, the higher the viscosity index, the smaller the viscosity changes with temperature.
Fourth, the new device after the run-in period, if it must be replaced lubricating oil
A:? Lubricating oil must be replaced! Because most new equipmentThe beginning of the operation will produce more metal particles in the oil, and these metal particles will exacerbate the wear parts.
Fifth, why the new machine run-in period, run-in period can be the difference between the oil it
? A: Under normal circumstances, the use of new machines in the initial stage, Because parts machining accuracy can not be 100 precise percentage, therefore, the work surface during mating parts have uneven stress phenomenon, some wear occurs, the so-called run-in period wear. According to experience, most equipment suppliers prescribed running-in period of one month. Machine operation by the run-in period, with more harmony between the parts, the machine running more smoothly. But because there is a certain amount of wear particles in lubricating oil, therefore, we will need oil change, otherwise, the wear particles can cause wear of machine parts continue, leading to shortened equipment life.
Although the use of lubricants in only one month run-in period, some users mistakenly think: Anyway, using only a month, whatever oil can be used. In this case, to remind users: run-in period must not use poor oil.
the following reasons:
a lubricating oil in different parts of the machine have different requirements, run-in period does not reduce the requirements on lubricant performance, on the contrary, to lubricant performance requirements are higher. Machine run-in phase, due to an error of the machined parts, a larger impact force against the part surface, need protection from damage by the parts working surface quality lubricants. .
with only two of the run-on part of the work between disharmonious machine parts wear out, if the use of a large number of poor lubricants cause wear part surface, will shorten the life of equipment:
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1. general Part of the surface heat, the higher parts of the surface hardness, internal parts low hardness, poor performance if the use of lubricants damaged parts of the surface layer hardness, the parts will wear quickly.
2. The wear damage is irreversible, once worn beyond repair, replacement parts had.
Sixteen, mainly due to wear and tear parts machining parts or material problems, lubricating oil is secondary
A:? Not! Wear parts and materials of the parts, precision machining, heat treatment are related, but correctThe use of lubricants is also very important! The same equipment, some users long service life, and some use short life, some users replacement parts is high, some low rate of replacement and use of lubricants have a direct bearing on the quality of the work we encountered our a customer does not replace the parts over three years, while another part of the same unit has been replaced several times, the importance of lubricants.
seventeenth and how to identify quality lubricants
A:? Lubricating oil is like blood, high performance equipment enables the machine lubricant healthy functioning, whereas poor quality use of lubricants, like machine got blood cancer, cause irreversible machine parts wear, shortening the life of the machine. Therefore, the use of high-quality lubricants is very important. A wide range of lubricants on the market, and there is a certain percentage of counterfeit lubricating oil in the market there is, if you buy a poor quality lubricants will allow users to bear huge losses, general procurement ideas lubricants confined to the following three ways: [123 ]
1. in accordance with equipment suppliers recommended lubricants brand purchases.
2. The same user equipment (peer) Buy.
3. The user purchasing lubricating own experience.
How do you know the quality of lubricating oil to buy it Here are some experience, may wish to make a reference:?
1) Please note that if products are brand origin whether it is? ? Be sure not to buy non-branded products.
2) with an elongated tube (for example: stainless steel tube into the bottom of the tub) oil sample, the oil sample was observed whether the appearance of an impurity, muddy water, this phenomenon can be considered unacceptable lubricants .
3) empirically determines the accuracy of lubricating oil viscosity.
The following are some of the user experience during the observation, in case where the lubricating oil is determined:
occur within the thread lubricant ◎: lubricant antiwear properties may be difference, due to the low viscosity of the lubricating oil. Or compatibility with a lubricating oil impurity decomposition.
◎ lubricating oil passage leading to blockage: sewing daily production use, in particular, a number of chemical impurities fibers are mixed in the tank with an anti sewing machine oilOxide layer appears to form “jelly” substance, if prone to enter the oil passage blocking the tubing.
◎ lubricants cause rust sewing parts:
1 moisture or foreign objects into the tank.
2. Oil deterioration.
3. The oil change period over.
4. brand more oil were mixed together.
8, change the oil in step
the moment some of the young owners of the car become more aware, a lot of things for the car are more willing to DIY. Yourself oil change in Europe is very fashionable, often you can see a lot of video on how to change the oil on the network, here’ll tell you about how to change the oil yourself. Suitable selection yourself oil after the start, the following steps:
The first step: the operation of the engine to reach operating temperature. Then jacking the vehicle jack, and the front wheel pull handbrake wedge squeezed.
Second step: placing the container under the used oil sump, the oil drain plug to find the oil sump, the oil drain screw is screwed slowly, careful not to touch the hot oil. Let the oil drip more than a period of time. Check the oil drain plug, drain plug reinstall, careful not to over tighten a bolt, to prevent damage to the oil pan.
Third step: the oil container moves beneath the oil filter, oil filter using filter wrench to loosen, then unscrew it by hand. If the filter is still hot, remember to wear gloves. Even before the filter is screwed tight, do not worry about the process of removing it may damage the filter, as long as no damage to the components and interfaces screws around the filter cartridge installed on it, after all, remove the filter we no longer use.
Fourth Step: Referring to the user manual to select the appropriate oil filter.
Step 5: Apply new oil washer interfaces the new cartridge. If the cartridge mounting position is vertical, some of the new oil can be poured in the filter element, thus reducing the dry grinding at the next engine start. The filter element is screwed into the hand, the method according to the indicated tightening the cartridge (usually by hand and then tightened screwing the filter 3/4 turn).
Sixth Step: The new oil is poured into the sump, note that reference to the user manual introduction. Funnel may be used to prevent the oil fell outside the engine. Check if the lower engine leaks. If there are no leaks, put down the vehicle, check the dipstick, start the engine and, after starting the indicator on the instrument should be immediately extinguished. Finally, turn off the engine oil level repetitive inspections, and dispose of the old oil and filter according to local regulations.
9, performance
1) good lubricity:
Under various conditions, the engine oil to reduce friction, wear and preventing slowing sintered metal ability, called lubricity of the engine.
Viscosity
is an important indicator of engine oil lubricating property assessment.
2) good low temperature operability:
aspects of the engine oil from the engine to ensure easily started at a low temperature performance and reliable fuel supply, the engine oil is called low-temperature operability.
The engine lubricating oil comprises a low temperature operability facilitate low temperature starting and reduce the starting wear both.
Index for engine oil low temperature operability mainly low kinematic viscosity, pour point and borderline pumping temperature.
good viscosity-temperature:
Since the temperature of the lubricating oil viscosity elevating properties change, called viscosity-temperature.
good viscosity-temperature, viscosity refers to a small degree the oil changes with temperature.
The effect of temperature on oil viscosity: temperature increases, the viscosity decreases; temperature decreases, viscosity increases.
a base oil viscosity index improver may be added to improve the viscosity-temperature oil.
with a low viscosity base oil and a viscosity index improver deployment, it has good viscosity-temperature,Can meet the requirements of high temperature and low engine oil, generally known thickening or oil, said multi-stage oil.
Evaluation of viscosity index of the engine temperature and viscosity index.
3) good detergency and dispersancy:
capable of inhibiting carbon deposition engine oil, varnish and sludge formation or to remove these deposits performance called engine oil clean dispersion.
harm coke engine are:.
a knocking tendency of the engine is increased.
b. High temperature source of coke formation, easy to produce ignition, allows 2% to 15% engine power loss.
c. Coke deposited between the electrodes of the spark plug, the spark plug will short-circuit, resulting in reduced power consumption increases.
d. Valve distress, pyrocarbon particles valve seat and the valve will be ablated.
e. The coke into the crankcase, causing deterioration of the lubricating oil, the filter clogging.
The coke produced:
in the high temperature region soot covering the cylinder head, the spark plug, fuel injector, the piston crown, etc., the thickness of the larger solid state char thereof. It is incomplete combustion or engine oil into the combustion chamber string deposited decomposed at high temperature flue gas and other substances on the high temperature part.
The film hazards are:
a reduced flexibility of the piston ring, ring stick even cause the loss of the sealing action of the piston ring, resulting in reduced power.
b. Poor thermal conductivity of the film, resulting in overheating of the piston, to produce scuffing.
Film generation:
it is a solid film, glossy paint-like film, mainly produced in the piston skirt and the piston ring area. Mainly catalytic metals and high temperature hydrocarbons. Under the action, by oxidation, polymerization of the resin and asphaltene and other polymers. Factors
is the effect of high temperature deposit formation and coke 🙁 belong to high temperature deposit film)
A. The design and operating conditions.
Properties
B. Fuels and lubricants.
The main hazards sludge is:.
a cause of aging deterioration of the engine oil, the lubricity decreased.
b. Lubricating system blockage.
sludge generated:
the sludge is a relatively stable oil-water emulsion more impurities body and aggregates, stop-start and urban driving cars, the engine is running at low temperature for a long time, it is easy to produce sludge in the sump. Factors
Effect 🙁 sludge is sludge formation belong cryodeposit)
A. Operating condition of the engine.
b. The nature of the fuel, lubricating oil.
Engine oil base oil itself does not have detergency dispersibility, but by adding detergents and dispersants obtained. Primarily assessed by the respective engine tests.
4) good oxidation resistance:
Under certain conditions, resistance to oxidative deterioration of the engine oil, the engine oil is called oxidation.
It is determined whether the engine oil in use perishable, the tendency on the part corrosion and deposit formation is an important factor in determining the life of the engine oil.
5) good corrosion resistance:
Engine oil capacity protected against corrosive metal corrosion, corrosion resistance of the engine oil is known.
Evaluation of corrosion resistance of the engine oil is the index value and, at the same time be assessed by appropriate engine testing.
6) good anti-foam:
Engine oil elimination properties of the foam, anti-foam known engine oil.
When the engine oil caused by intense agitation, air mixed with oil, will produce foam which if not removed, will produce air resistance, inadequate supply fault.
Evaluation of anti-foam index of the engine oil is poured foam generation and foam stability.
Motorcycle oil
A. The quality of the oil
Gasoline engine oil. With “S” denotes, SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF, SG, SH, SJ. Alphabetical represent progress in the development of quality oil and additives, motorcycle no less than SE. But from SG level up from the basic additive fuel consumption, emissions, fuel injection and other considerations, the motorcycle is not recommended to consider! ..
B As for motorcycle engine oil used
1 recommended level of SG major brands of oil products, such as: Mobil, bp, Castrol, Shell, Total, Esso, Great Wall, reunification, Kunlun, Daqing Runyuan etc.
2. strongly against the use of special oil, all OEM products, high quality low price! Of course, if not quality brand oil, then only vote for it
3 according to the temperature to choose oil viscosity:.. C oil viscosity
the viscosity is a prerequisite for the establishment of the friction surface of the film, high viscosity, poor fluidity, instant start is more worn, the low viscosity of the insufficient lubrication, the engine is running, can also cause wear. In general overhaul of new cars and new cars should use a lower viscosity oil, especially just overhauled vehicle run-in period must not use the oil viscosity is too high, because then the various parts of the engine with the gap is very small, high viscosity oil liquidity and bad, this will result in poor engine cooling and lubrication, the lubricant accelerate aging, increased engine wear.
D. Ambient temperature
should be determined according to the temperature where the viscosity of the oil region. Generally winter double-viscosity oil should be used to ensure that the cold flow properties of the oil. Summer mainly on account of the viscosity of oil is maintained because of the high summer temperatures too low viscosity oil can not maintain a sufficient oil pressure, the engine is not lubricated
Each specific viscosity Temperature: [123 ]
viscosity grade suitable temperature range, ℃ season our region
300 + 30 summer Northeast Northwest
400 + 40 summer countryAround the
50 + 5 ~ + 50 South Summer
5W / 30-30 ~ + 30 winter and summer universal Northeast Northwest
5W / 40-30 + 40 Northeast General winter northwest
10W / 30-25 ~ + 30 winter common North, Midwest
10W / 40-25 ~ + 40 North winter general, Midwest
15W / 40-20 ~ + 40 winter common North, Midwest
20W / 50-15 ~ + 50 in winter general Yellow . north of the south of the Yangtze River
4 engine displacement and power – power over SG recommended levels, or synthetic oil; such as: more than 250 imported cars
5 the type of engine, such as: air cooling, oil cooling, water cooling or the like – cooled high operating temperature, the viscosity of the corresponding level may be high
6 riding habits such as: high-grade high speed like like the feeling of acceleration, there is always secure in no more than 60 yards, 40 yards and urban shift and so infrequently – like the high-speed and rapid acceleration, it is recommended above SG level, or synthetic oils, and slow to open Of course, a stable level can be reduced using the
7 riding environment such as: often long distances? Or just wandering in the urban areas? Or both? SG is also recommended distance above the level, or synthetic oil. Urban recommend low viscosity point, such as: 10W-40 or the like
8 riding road: highway are? All mountain? Good or bad? Both? Mountain recommended viscosity grade higher.