US third-party evaluation agencies Consumer Reports “Consumer Reports” published a topic to explore, crash tests performed in many of today’s NCAP (New Car Assessment Program new vehicle evaluation plan), although placing dummy simulated vehicle on the car personnel protective effect, but the driver’s seat is a male dummy used as a template, a result of such test results apply to women really do?
crash test dummies, why dispute?
crash test dummies used to mind if we face a dummy, and its physical weight, of course, is the main male dummy template. But in fact, we need to recognize that many medical reports have mentioned the differences in male and female congenital physical structure, can withstand the damage is not the same.
While we claim we do for crash test dummies, dummy through injury criterion to verify the protective effect of the vehicle, but they represent our real life hit by the concrete existence. In this context, Consumer Reports considered by the male dummy test results were exhibited, if used in women, crash test data is somewhat biased.
US Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration FHWA and NHTSA Although statistics show that men are more often to drive, longer mileage, and more often dangerous driving, but NHTSA studies have found that when the accident occurred, even if the female driver or front passenger wearing a seat belt, the possibility of death than the high percentage of 17 men. University of Virginia study also found that in 2019, the same year they cars, height, weight, age, etc. due to change all control the same, but the female members in a frontal collision, the chance of injury higher than the percentage of male members 73.
We come back to look at today’s new cars under NCAP’s urging, passive impact protection of the achievement gap has been getting smaller and smaller, and the protective effect is also getting better and better, this should meanThe passenger in the car, the result should not have much of a difference. But like the University of Virginia found that women test passengers were injured, but the chances of the extra 73 percentage! This shows that only male crash test dummy as simulation tests, even if achieved good results, but not necessarily on behalf of women protection is also OK.
A brief history of the impact on the test dummy and
[123 before the establishment of the earliest US-NCAP] back to the first crash tests were conducted in men is not a dummy, but a real living! Early in the 1960s and 1970s, a man named Lawrence Patrick men, a professor Wayne State University Wayne State University, he was at a speed of 45 miles on his body were crash tests, although it sounds crazy, but the study also became the first batch of crash test dummy development template.
The study also directly contributed to the later development of dummies. Lawrence Patrick’s student Harold Mertz with General Motors General Motors make up a team to create the first car that we men are still in use today, the crash test dummy Hybrid III, which originally debuted in 1976.
after the first appearance of a dummy 2 years, NHTSA during the Carter administration, began to promote the US-NCAP. Although similar projects all over the world, but this project is the beginning of a revolutionary. This is the first government agency to conduct automobile crash test, and its safety rating, and then publish these ratings to the public, according to NHTSA then served as director of the Joan Claybrook said: “The agency initially using male crash test dummies, because the agency limited financial resources, and died in the collision are men. “
later regulators as early as 1980, he proposed should beThere are female dummy, some car manufacturers are also mentioned in 1996, University of 1 group of researchers at the University of Michigan, Michigan, the proposed increase and update existing male dummy, while creating a three dummy family, a the name of the child, a large adult male and a female general.
But by 2003, NHTSA was officially a male artificial human body be reduced as a woman placed in crash tests, but this fake in fact, people figure only 5 percent in line with 1970 women, even the NHTSA was also used as the dummy pan 12, 13-year-old child, in fact, not really into the differences in male and female anatomy and the birth of the dummy.
In addition, NHTSA set up by the US-NCAP or IIHS, during crash tests, this is called “5th percentile dummy” (ie, height 152 cm, weight 50 kg dummy General as a representative of women) but for only certain impact test as a passenger, or simply not test project, nor as a driver. According to the information happens to the FHWA, American women now accounting for close to 50 percentage driver.
past dummies can really be applied in modern people? and many experts do not agree, especially if the driver is a woman
mentioned in the previous paragraph as early as 1980, regulators have realized that men and Women face different body structure of the collision, and thus should have a female dummy, but today the vast majority of security researchers are still only at the 50th percentile male dummy (ie, height 175.26 cm, weight 77.56 kg) as research and testing standards. The 1970s started with the dummy, in fact, into the modern compared to modern men have an average weight of 11.79 kilograms heavier.
In addition, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the average height of women in America today than boys 13.71 centimeters shorter, lighter weight 12.25 kg.This point of view, female drivers is bound to sit closer to the steering wheel. However, differences not only in the posture and body, containing the female pelvic structures with different men, men also tend to be more robust neck than women.
and even different women and men of other bones
, which is enough to explain why women tend to serious injury or death in a car accident than men.
again like a car crash, the reaction between the same light male body will be different, not to mention the Women’s reaction will bring impact. Considering there are red whip rejection, women suffered injuries may be three times higher for men, but many women protection after a vehicle seat red whip rejection of the effect is not significant.
For example in the late 1990s, Volvo tried to launch a crash occurs, sufficient to absorb much of the energy of the seat, but the results confirm such a development aid for the protection of women is very limited. In addition, there are many car dealers can be developed only move back and forth behind the head restraints to reduce rear-ended resulting cervical spine injury, even if the 70 percent reduction in injury male members, but no any help for women.
From this point of view, if only to dummy to simulate the 70s adult material, to simulate modern men may have some conflict, let alone to simulate modern woman? But if there is no real dummy to simulate the female body structure developed for car dealers to conduct simulation tests feminine protection, can reliably verify how much is unknown.
when the accident happened, innate differences in the structure of the female body, so that the damage index higher than men
when the accident, collision energy transfer may simply distinguish between three stages. Stage 1 is the collision energy absorbing structure of a vehicle, various structures in the crumple still remaining energy will proceeds to the second stage of the vehicle body by a seat belt, airbag, etc. impact, and finally the residue energy into the body’s internal organs will crash impact in stage 3.
Kristy Arbogast, Dr. medical director of Automobile Development Association said: “The women do notJust a small version of the men, their body structure is different. “So why can not necessarily result in male dummy female dummy, because in stage 3 of the impact, damage internal organs will highlight differences within out, NHTSA announced the following figure that is adult women in the event of a collision, each part of the injury suffered by index number higher profile than men.
Because the body structure is immutable differences, so how can the vehicle at the time of the accident, through the body structure and vehicle safety equipment within the design, to diminish the collision energy thereby reducing the body’s internal injury, if there is no female dummy simulation tests, and even urged NHTSA crash tests failed to legislation in this area, Consumer Reports believes University of Virginia found that female passengers test the chance of injury but more a case of 73 percent would be less likely to have the opportunity to significantly improve.
NHTSA has hurt women test data, then why do not actively promote female dummy test?
come there will be many others with the author is curious, since the above women are hurt index published by the NHTSA, then why do not actively promote the development of adult women dummy test?
to supervise the past NCAP and IIHS and other institutions, and indeed encourage the development of more secure depot vehicle, but currently each NCAP test standard adjustment trend, almost exclusively in active safety, passive safety for women this seems short time will not have changed. If not included in the evaluation of the female adult, the depot will not necessarily develop in the female security vehicle incorporated.
CR’s auto test center security engineer Dr. Emily Thomas said that progress relies heavily on auto safety regulations, unless the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard dynamic crash tests, and the use of multiple seating positions (including the driver’s side) 50 percentile female dummy (ie medium build female dummies), or dummy industry and car manufacturers will have neglected this.
In fact, the NHTSA and IIHS have also focused on a new dummy named “THOR”, namely Test device for Human Occupant Restraint short, expected as early as 2020 have the opportunity to appear in crash tests in Europe, able to collect more than the current Hybrid III dummy’s injury more complete data, the 5th percentile female is reported that structures are closer to real women .
However, along with THOR seems to be no 50th percentile female dummy program, IIHS researchers said, the development of dummies may be nearly 20 years, is time consuming because first of all there needs to be collected from the female occupant real world injury data in order to determine which injury occurs most often? Which is the most serious? Then, the fact must also be animal or human cadavers recreate those particular crash mode in the laboratory.
In addition, Sweden Chalmers University (Chalmers University), Professor, Swedish Institute of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety and Research Director Dr. Astrid Linder time mentioned, the construction of a new female dummy needed seemingly nowhere in sight, but this should not be an excuse not to promote development, the only continuous data collection must be reached one day.
there are still institutions that need to develop female dummy, some car dealers looking for their own short-term solution
always, the development of female dummy in the eyes of some scholars consider it necessary, but the difficulty of collecting data is not low. Of course there are those who believe, automotive safety advances have been able to help all passengers survived, which were only male test dummy to do it summed up all the others.
Even though a number of test data show that the risk of women, the reason is still not enough to make legislative changes to the rules of the regulatory unit, some people think that simply is not necessary, it was considered too expensive, too time-consuming and so on, but in fact it So this is not without whom, becauseCasualty data is already highlighting the risk of a vehicle on female drivers are always ignored.
so some car manufacturers and safety advocates also seek to address gender disparities in the short term, is to develop a computer model , you can simulate different shapes, sizes, or gender of the human body collision reaction. This method has been employed comprising Toyota and Volvo. In the early 2000s in which Volvo has developed a computer model of medium-sized pregnant women, and Charles University and Chalmers (Chalmers University) worked together to create a computer model of medium-sized pregnant women to develop to achieve the protection of women also rushed whip rejection of the system.
can not be ignored, is waiting for the government and related organizations as the actual
In fairness, I as a woman, to understand these article before, I never thought of or thought about, basically the question about men crash test dummies, but also very naturally receives no doubt the legitimacy of this thing or not, did not recognize that he had been too accustomed to accept the normal running of the world.
In the usual car, the position of the author frequently, or co-pilot to drive these two positions, but the back may also be exposed to, in this case, the road is assumed that the author, by the impact anywhere the actual harm suffered as mentioned in the article, have been hit with the male dummy set will be different, the situation is different.
this, when watching a lot of crash test report, and are subject to testing by key is male dummy, naturally Add a lot of concerns, today’s society, women car is already commonplace things, no matter is the drive to work, pick on children after school, or travel with your friends, in this phenomenon, the government and car manufacturers must require a positive view of the matter, and make practical action, can not be ignored in the future it can be expected trend.
Read this information, there are a writer and feminist argument, so I was empathy. Caroline Criado-Perez said that the lack of a female crash test falsePeople, is the use of men as a substitute for all mankind, just one of many cases. In her book Invisible Women: Data Bias In a World Designed for Men: provides a number of examples of “invisible woman in the world for men designed prejudice the data”, the doctor said the symptoms of female heart attack is “atypical “safety equipment is designed for the ordinary men, women may not be suitable temperature suitable for general office usually men, but most women are too cold. Caroline Criado-Perez think the reason is that we are too accustomed to ordinary men considered as a whole human being.
we can not deny the 1980s, perhaps women do less driving, lower the need for simulation collision. The question is not what, in this world is not a specific gender, to represent the whole human being, male, female, neutral, transgender is the presence of large environments, you need more friendly planning with new generations rising feminist consciousness year, and the number of women drivers has increased steadily, but also to remind the government of each country, car makers need to step up the horsepower to study, rather than just an excuse to stall.
