1, the main features
One type aluminum wheels, two-piece and three-piece. Two-piece aluminum wheel is an inner member and an outer member or a nail on the weld. Be careful when welding, since welding two things does not necessarily guarantee roundness.
by a three-piece aluminum wheel center member and a cylindrical member composed of two, and screwed together by screws aerospace grade. In order to reduce the mass, using a lot of three-piece forging of aluminum wheels. Three-piece structure of small volume manufacturing for the factory to provide greater flexibility.
Safety The high temperature generated
For high-speed driving of the car, due to deformation of the hub, braking tire, braking performance degradation phenomenon is common. The thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy three times larger than that of steel, iron, etc., natural cooling effect is much better, thereby enhancing the braking performance and improve the life of the tire and the brake disc, effectively protect the safety of car driving.
Comfort
with alloy wheels automobiles generally used radial tire. Radial tire buffer and shock-absorbing performance than a normal tire. In this way, the car on uneven road or high-speed driving, comfort will be greatly enhanced.
Energy Saving
Since the aluminum alloy wheel light weight (with the same specifications as aluminum or steel wheel difference of about 2kg), high manufacturing precision, so that during high-speed rotation of the pinion modification , inertial resistance is also small. This will help improve the car’s straight-running performance and reduce tire rolling resistance, thus reducing fuel consumption.
2. Production Technology
Casting
low-pressure casting is the most basic method for the production of aluminum wheels, but also more economical. Low pressure casting the molten metal is casted and cured in the mold. Counter-pressure casting isMore advanced casting method, a metal with a strong vacuum suction into the mold, helps maintain a constant temperature and remove impurities, the casting no pores and uniform density and high strength. High back pressure die casting (HCM) process for producing an aluminum forged wheels almost the same, the name of the German plants of BBS RX / RY (15-20 inches) Series aluminum wheel casting method is to use HCM.
Forging
is the most advanced forged aluminum wheel manufacturing method, the pressure of an ingot 62.3MN in the hot state, pressed into a wheel hub. Such strength aluminum wheel is generally three times the aluminum wheel, but the former is lighter than the percentage of the latter 20. Some attractive appearance and hub structure is relatively complex, not always possible a forging molding. Roll forging (also known as forging) is a forging, a hub of the rough forging rolling in. Roll forging the hub while maintaining sufficient strength, can greatly reduce the thickness. In this process for producing alloy wheels not only uniform density, surface smoothness, ring thin wall, light weight, and can withstand greater pressure. However, since this product requires a more sophisticated production equipment, and the yield is only 50 percentage -60 percentage, so the production cost is slightly higher, prices are not low.
3, curing method
When the high hub temperatures, should be allowed to cool naturally before cleaning, must not be washed with cold water. Otherwise, damage will alloy wheels, even the disk brake deformation affect the braking effect. Further, at high temperatures using detergent cleaning station aluminum alloy wheels, the hub surface will chemically react dull, affect the appearance.
When stained asphalt difficult to remove the hub, if the cleaning agent is generally useless, try to clear the brush can be used, but do not use strong brush, especially iron brush, so as not to damage the surface of the hub. Here, we introduce a private car owners to remove asphalt recipe: the selection of medicinal ldquo; active oil rdquo; rubbed, unexpected results are obtained, give it a try. Region
If the vehicle is near the seaside or wet, the hub should be cleaned frequently to prevent corrosion of the salt on the aluminum surface.
When necessary, cleanAfter waxing maintenance may be performed on the hub, so that the gloss forever.
4, advantages and disadvantages of using the modified aluminum wheels
automotive aluminum wheel is aluminum alloy material, and its production process or forging cast points .
aluminum wheel about the following four characteristics:
1 increased driving comfort alloy wheel having a metallic property of absorbing vibration and rebound forces by CNC machining dimensional accuracy. , high circularity, small yaw jitter, good balance, so that only smooth and comfortable cars.
2 normal driving, fuel savings due to the weight of the aluminum alloy wheels change, reducing the rotational inertia of the four the acceleration improved car of, and relative reduction of the energy need for braking, thereby reducing fuel consumption.
3 improves driving safety while aluminum wheels bulk temperature coefficient of an ordinary steel hub two to three times, coupled with the structural properties of the heat of alloy wheels, it is easy to tire, the brake system produced dissipated in the air. even in the case of long continuous driving brakes, wheel system can be maintained suitable temperature .
4 improves the appearance of the vehicle. Aluminum alloy wheel appearance of fine design, modeling diversification, unity vehicle hubs can be done, with perfect. Improved aesthetic of the vehicle.
[123 ] 5 improves the steering stability. widened improved tire grip, braking performance, and improve the effective handling and driving driving pleasure.
alloy wheels, there are some drawbacks, as follows :
high
1 alloy wheels cost of replacement costs required a great amount of
2 vehicle remodeled damper harden somewhat, because the flat tire is lower than the remodeled. , so there is a slight vibration hard feeling after size
hub 3 increases slightly increased in terms of fuel, but the replacement tire designer no change of the fuel.
is an automobile wheel one of the important components of cars in the system, bear vertical loads of the vehicle, a lateral force, floodingMoving (brake) torque and the various stresses during running of the vehicle generated. Since the wheel is part of a high speed rotary motion, thus requiring high dimensional accuracy, a small imbalance, the wheel supporting the tire rim profile (contour, size, shape) accuracy, light weight and has a certain stiffness, elasticity and fatigue resistance.
alloy steel wheel hub and the difference
Application category advantage is represented by
a hub bearing steel sheet good performance belongs flexible material, when it reaches the fatigue limit does not occur abruptly heavy truck broken case, light 1 / 3-1 / 4
passenger quality alloy wheels, micro economical car, inexpensive price of steel materials only aluminum alloy material prices, energy saving can be of aluminum and steel wheels with wheel ratio, to reduce the weight percentage of 30 -40 percentage; when the vehicle speed is 90-120km / h, the fuel consumption can be reduced 0.0138L / 100km car, SUV, MPV
vibration, ride comfort and shock absorption balance aluminum performance is better than steel, aluminum, steel wheels reduce vibration level than thermal conductivity than steel wheels 12 Percent
heat dissipation aluminum, and the surface of the wheel hub design allows for heat dissipation, aluminum wheels reduce heat accumulation, reduced puncture risk, improve safety appearance, beautiful aluminum vehicle wheel can be processed into a variety of patterns designed structure, different color is formed by a surface treatment or plating layer is formed by electroplating, to maximize the variety of users to meet the aesthetic requirements
[ 123] information Source: Industry Information Network finishing
due to manufacturing techniques and production costs, in the past quite a long time, the dominance of steel wheels in the production of automobile wheels. But with the development of automobile industry, people improve the performance requirements of the automobile index, Governments increasingly stringent energy-saving, environmental regulations, the world’s automobile and parts manufacturers are trying to find ways to reduce the weight of the car, and the car lightweight travel system not only can reduce the car’s vehicle quality, but also due to reduced unsprung mass of the car while driving it and ride comfort are improved, can effectively reduce emissions. Thus, to benefit from trends in automotive lightweight, aluminum car wheels more and more favored by the market.
automotive aluminum wheel in its appearance, energy, heat, light weight, corrosion resistance, and good processability comprehensive advantages are gradually replace steelwheel.
5, Chinese domestic and international market demand for aluminum wheels
Energy, environment and safety are three major issues in today’s world of great concern to the auto industry and automotive applications closely linked to the popularity of these three issues. With Hyundai’s rising energy consumption requirements, safety and environmental regulations becoming increasingly stringent, lightweight vehicles requires more urgent. Aluminum light weight, high strength, good formability, affordable, high recovery rate, to reduce vehicle weight, reduce fuel consumption, reduce environmental pollution and of great significance to improve operational performance, has become the material of choice for automotive industry. According to American Metal Market statistics, in the past 10 years the world’s average per vehicle increased by 2 times the amount of aluminum in 2001, the world has reached the amount of aluminum per vehicle on average 113.5kg, especially in the North American automotive aluminum grew fastest in 2002 North American production of aluminum per car on average amounted to about 124kg.
alloy steel hub about the hub than the average light 2kg, when the vehicle speed to be 5 percentage -7 percentage fuel when 60km / h, in addition to heat dissipation, shock absorption performance, long tire life, safety and reliability, the appearance of beautiful, colorful patterns, precise size, good balance, etc., have been widely used in the car industry in the West, huge development potential. Over the past 10 years, the North American automotive aluminum wheels fastest rate of increase in 1999, the North American car and light truck wheel hub aluminum percentage rate of 53, which amounted to 270kt of aluminum more than 2010 North American automotive aluminum wheel market share will rise to 70% or more, the total amount of aluminum will reach 540kt above. Data shows that the world’s annual output of automotive aluminum alloy wheels in more than 100 million, is expected to demand in 2014 aluminum alloy wheels will reach 250 million, a huge international market attractive alloy wheels alloy wheels stimulate the development of industry .
China auto industry after decades of construction, has begun to take shape, vehicle production increased substantially, especially after joining the WTO, China’s auto industry has not only, as many feared would be annihilated, but with the capital and technology of the international automobile industry to achieveA big leap in 2002, China’s car production increased by 53 percentage compared to 2001, production of more than 1.1 million (the Chinese auto industry has reached ldquo; fifteen rdquo; planning car production), China in the next 5 – 10 years will It is the world’s largest and fastest-growing automotive market, which has been universally recognized by the international industry. At present, many large international car manufacturers have come to China joint venture plant, and continue to additional investment to China, showing a strong willingness to invest, such as Volkswagen AG, the French Citroen car companies, etc, to increase investment in China, providing Chinese market household economy cars, increase market share in China’s car market.
Despite the rapid development of China’s auto industry, but there compared with the industrialization of automotive power many gaps, one of which is foreign automotive materials and there is a certain gap, automotive aluminum rate is still relatively low, with car the most prominent general car bicycle aluminum consumption was only about 40-50kg, with the acceleration of the world’s automotive lightweight process, especially after joining the WTO, international competition fierce Japanese auto market trends, energy-saving cars and lightweight and has become necessary development trend of automobile industry. Aluminum wheels make the car as lightweight products in China has attracted wide attention, aluminum wheel hub domestic market mainly in Shanghai Volkswagen, FAW-Volkswagen, Guangzhou Honda and a few mini-depots, pickups and other OEMs to give priority to the automobile accessory. From the model point of view, limousine (Audi A6), medium-class cars (Accord, Passat), a lower car (Santana, Jetta, Xiali, Beverly), mini-vans, medium vans, pickups, jeeps and other widely used aluminum wheels.
In 2001, China’s car, jeep, van production of 120-150 million units, the domestic demand for aluminum wheels in between 300-375 million, the retail market plus 90-120 million, the domestic total demand for aluminum wheels should be between 390-495 million. As the state to encourage car consumption policies have been introduced, into the family car appeared rapid momentum, China’s car industry to open up a huge market space in 2002, car production has reached the auto industry ldquo; fifteen rdquo; planning objectives. According to the recent development of our national economy, changes in traffic volume and the improvement of people’s living standards.
In recent years, the international market demand for aluminum wheels have been good, plus the price of Chinese productsGrid advantages, the major domestic manufacturers will be to develop the international market as the focus. The United States as the main export market, the auto parts market demand only reached 8 million per year, followed by Japan, South Korea, Australia, Southeast Asia and Europe. In 2001, many domestic manufacturers export orders sufficient, able to fulfill the task. Total annual domestic exports of aluminum wheels about 3.5 million, earning $ 120 million.
6, before the production of Aluminum wheels
aluminum wheel is a material-intensive and labor-intensive low value-added products, together with the aluminum casting is an pollution, high energy consumption, poor working conditions of workers in the industry, Europe and other developed countries are not currently interested in these products, aluminum wheel industry has gradually transferred to the third world, Volkswagen has its own very nice aluminum wheels plant closures, foreign direct buy goods.
development of China’s aluminum wheel industry is only 13 years old, is an emerging auto parts industry, but has developed rapidly. From 1988 Dicastal Wheel Manufacturing Co., plant, Guangdong, China and South Africa in 1990 aluminum alloy wheels plant construction, Kunshan June 1991 Fung Machinery Industrial Co., Ltd. plant, and gradually built a lot of aluminum alloy wheels manufacturer, China aluminum wheels factory has more than 30, mainly in Shandong, Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Yunnan, Jilin, Henan, Guangdong and other places, with an annual capacity of more than 14 million, 2001 annual output of about 10 million, of which scale than there are large: Kunshan June Fung Machinery industrial Co., Ltd., CITIC Dicastal wheel manufacturing Co., Ltd., Nanhai Zhongnan aluminum wheel Co., Ltd, Xiamen Minxing metal products Co., Ltd., Shanghai Guoxing metal products Co., Ltd., far light alloy wheels companies, most of these enterprises as Taiwan, Japan-owned enterprises or joint ventures, most products are designated for export.
As the aluminum wheel production is a high input, high-yield industry, many companies have invested in the aluminum wheel industry, but the result of competition, some enterprises hold, some of the companies were eliminated. One of the reasons is to be eliminated and some key technology companies for the production of aluminum wheels lack of sufficient knowledge, only attach importance to the introduction of equipment, ignoring the complete process of introduction. Plus training, but off, resulting in a production capacity of difficult to play, the quality does not meet the requirements of automotive manufacturers, low yield products uncompetitive, it is difficult to enter the international market, and ultimately out of the market.
In summary, the domestic aluminum wheels more intense market competition, but according to car manufacturers and the development of the domestic auto industry in the country’s foreign investment intentions, China’s aluminum wheel market outlook remains optimistic, there is still much potential. In addition, exports to foreign countries, the development of the international market is also one of China’s major aluminum wheel product sales direction.
(1) automotive industry as a pillar industry in China in recent years has been the rapid development, at the same time, domestic demand for car alloy wheels has increased significantly.
(2) Chinese domestic aluminum wheel hub increasingly competitive industry, aluminum wheels the future direction of development: First, engage in specialized production, have their own intellectual property rights, there is a certain development capabilities, to achieve its wheel products the most refined, the best; the second is cooperation with foreign investors, using its global sales channels to engage in large-scale production; Third, in collaboration with automobile companies, to jointly develop automotive aluminum wheels, the companies do big, strong.
7, about the Chinese policy
China’s State Economic and Trade Commission, Ministry of Machinery Industry issued the “Circular on strict control of alloy wheels duplication of hot products.” “Notice” that the current duplication of investment vehicles, motorcycles aluminum wheel products, and redundant construction serious. According to incomplete statistics, China has built, under construction project of alloy wheels up to about 20 (including joint ventures, wholly-owned projects), production capacity has far exceeded the market demand, but many places are still actively preparing for such projects on . This will not only increase the difficulty of adjustment, but also directly affect the quality and efficiency of investment. In order to avoid a new round of duplication, strengthen macro-control, “notice” requirement: In the future, existing enterprises (including joint ventures and wholly foreign-owned enterprises) on new alloy wheels of the project, regardless of the limit or lower limit, all by the state Economic and Trade Commission approval in accordance with the centralized procedure to handle more than the current limit of the project, all localities and departments shall not own approval. The country on the basis of unified planning, according to market demand, key support in the industry leadingStatus of excellent companies, prompting it reaches a reasonable scale of production and high technical level as soon as possible, achieve economies of scale. Current automotive aluminum wheel market is very competitive, most manufacturers are supporting the production OEMs. Therefore, the development of automotive aluminum wheel market will become a major problem.
8, relevant Summary Language
production of automotive wheels need to have the roll forging machine, precision forging equipment, large CNC machine tools and other special equipment, a huge amount of investment. Demand situation
aluminum wheel market is good, but the manufacturer of the product are many, the domestic and foreign markets are close to saturation, competition is very fierce. Forged alloy wheels very expensive, only those BMW and other world-class luxury sedan equipped with, marketing will take some time.
combined with China domestic and international market conditions, should do a good job tracking and feasibility studies before new technology on aluminum wheels project. Technology can send staff to visit domestic and foreign manufacturers.
The national spirit of the document, the conventional aluminum alloy wheel production difficult project.