1 independent suspension
independent suspension (Individual wheel suspension) by the wheel suspension and the frame are each independently (or body) is connected.
independent suspension type and characteristics
by each wheel set is suspended separately mounted on the vehicle body or axle, using breakaway axle, the middle section is fixed to the vehicle body or frame ; wheels on both sides of this suspension independently of each other upon impact, and since the lighter weight of the suspension; strong buffering capacity of the damper, the ride comfort. The indicators are better than non-independent suspension, but the complex structure of the suspension but also the drive axle, steering system becomes complicated. Suspended use of such vehicles are the following two categories.
1. cars, buses and passenger cars. Can significantly improve ride comfort and improve vehicle driving stability at high speeds.
2. The off-road vehicles, military vehicles, and mining vehicles. In the case of rough roads and trackless that ensures all the wheels in contact with the ground, driving stability and improve adhesion of the car, the car traveling speed play.
Depending on the structural features of the guide mechanism, can be divided into independent suspension: double wishbone, single-arm, vertical arm monoclinic arm, and a multi-spool rod (rod) link (pendulum arm) type and the like.
more currently used have the following three forms: (1) double wishbone, (2) McPherson, (3) inclined single arm.
double wishbone independent suspension 1) double wishbone type (double wishbone type) independent suspension
. Upper and lower swing arms of unequal length, the proportions of the appropriate length, and the wheel can not kingpin angle and track changes. This independent suspension is widely used in the automobile front wheel. Double wishbone arm are made V-shaped or A-shaped, as shown in FIG. V-shaped upper and lower arms of the V-shaped arm a certain distance are mounted on the wheel, and the other end mounted on the frame.
bis ranging arm is shorter than the arm lower cross-arm arm.When the vehicle wheel moves up and down movement of the upper arm is smaller than the curvature of the lower arm. This will move slightly inside and outside the upper portion of the tire, the bottom little effect. This structure helps to reduce tire wear and improve vehicle ride comfort and directional stability.
2) damped suspension (swing arm or strut strut call, etc.)
This suspension many currently used in passenger cars. as the picture shows. The McPherson suspension as a guide wheel hop damper spool, the coil spring mounted in one therewith. This double suspension arm to remove the cross-arm and to a support made of rubber, to allow the strut end as a small angular displacement. The inner space, is conducive to the engine arrangement, and reduces the center of gravity of the car. When the vertical movement of the wheel, the steering axis angle will vary, because the lower end of the shock absorber with the horizontal pivot swing arm. The above problems by adjusting the truss design layout reasonable resolved.
3) inclined cantilever independent suspension
This suspension shown in FIG. This is a single suspension wishbone independent suspension arms and a single longitudinal compromise. Cars swing arm about its longitudinal axis and having a certain angle of intersection of the pivot axis, the intersecting angle selected to meet the appropriate requirements of vehicle handling and stability. This suspension suitable for making the rear suspension.
4) multiple independent suspension rod
in the use of independent suspension coil springs, and thus for lateral forces, vertical forces as well as the need to add a longitudinal force which uses the guide means provided to the lever bear and transmit these forces. Thus some of the cars using multi-rod suspension to reduce vehicle weight and simplify the structure. 9 shown in FIG. Upper link and the vehicle body stent (or frame) is connected to the outer end of the upper link connected to the third link. Upper rod ends are fitted with rubber isolation sleeve. The lower end of the third link of the thrust bearing via the knuckle heavy. Lower link arm 5 under the ordinary same, the inner end of the lower link are connected by a rubber isolator sleeve and the front cross member. The outer end of the ball joint of the lower link is connected to the knuckle. Multiple bar steering axis yarn system extends from the front suspension lower ball joint to the upper bearing, which is independent of the upper link and the third link. Multi-bar suspension system having a good steering stability can be reduced tire wear. This suspension like a shock absorber and a coil spring not rotated as McPherson suspension knuckle.
Advantages: As a result of breakaway axle, the engine can be reduced and the vehicle floor level; allowing the wheels to have a greater space jitter, the spring can be designed to be relatively soft, good ride comfort; to ensurePerformance cars have various designs; sprung small mass, tire contact is good.
However, there is independent suspension complicated structure, high cost, maintenance inconvenience disadvantages.
Most modern cars are independent suspension, according to the different structure, can be divided into independent suspension wishbone, trailing arm type, multi-link, candle and McPherson suspension and so on.
Palio, Siena car front suspension uses the MC pherson MacPherson (strut-link) independent suspension. This suspension is used in the form of a suspension cross member through the fixed point and the fork arms and the damper body is connected to a fixed point thereof. It is the advantage of having a good steering stability of the vehicle roll rate is small, and the rear tracing is quite good.