1.KERS
First, what is KERS?
KERS kinetic energy recovery system (Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems) abbreviation. Its underlying principle is: the vehicle body by means of techniques braking energy stored and released by using as an auxiliary power in the car acceleration! Use of specific methods may mimic the acceleration button A1 to achieve.
two, FIA why the introduction of KERS?
A lot of people think the introduction of KERS F1 FIA is to increase overtaking opportunities – temporary move taken to control costs soaring, this is completely wrong – to improve the competition excitement, suppress engine research and development!
Now, automotive industry around the world are faced with industrial development and environmental protection this contradiction. Energy, carbon dioxide emissions, is no longer fashionable topic, but it stood in front of, and need for immediate hands-on problem-solving. Last year, Germany introduced the emissions of carbon dioxide per kilometer should not exceed 120 grams indicators, this indicator if it becomes legislation, will mean that a large displacement engine is no longer promising. At the same time, some cities even now plans to only allow the use of hybrid vehicles in the city center, which means that manufacturers in the development of the product, must ensure that their vehicles may optional hybrid system. By these two cases, we can see the high efficiency of environmental technology for the development of the automotive industry how badly. Nowadays, although the major manufacturers have never reached any consensus, but has been basically formed the default development ideas: start with a hybrid start, then the transition to a pure hydrogen or electricity. Only in this way can there be in the future automotive industry.
At this time, known for high-tech, the highest gold spire of F1 motor sport, if they ignore this social trend, will face the risk of elimination of Tao. FIA president Max – Mosley was in 2006, said: “The trend is changing the worldYou will see the most obvious is about global warming. In every place in the world, we have a very prominent public movement. If we do not reform now, we will miss this trend, F1 will become obsolete and eventually death. “
Some people might think that if Mosley is alarmist, but the status quo is F1 follows: 2.4-liter V8 engine, 100 km fuel consumption up to 49KG, 19000 rpm speed limit for no civil engine any reference value, cost to build a 1: 1 wind tunnel cost greater than 50 million euros, excluding the cost of the annual 24-hour operation, a station changed the aerodynamics practical value is zero ……
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it is clear that now the development direction of F1 technology, is completely out of touch with society, and with increasing energy and environmental issues, it is contrary to the direction of social development in the past, F1 is known as a testing ground for the automotive industry, advanced civilian technologies birthplace;! and now, with the changes in technology trends, it is this feature has become increasingly weak in this case, reform is imperative and urgent because there is no social responsibility. who would be the use of “outdated” technology, a substantial waste of energy, movement harm the environment pay homage!
KERS F1 conform precisely this social trend, to maintain the advanced First step. (About F1 powertrain vision, please click [] to view our previous report)
three, FIA rules KERS restrictions
[ 123] in order to encourage and promote the development of KERS technology, FIA gave the team plenty of space to play in this year’s July 11 release of version 2009 F1 technical regulations, the FIA KERS only a few technical indicators made provisions, rest All sectors are open in accordance with Mosley saying, KERS development is almost unlimited below the new rules only bound by the terms:
1, the maximum output KERS system 60KW and the input power must not exceed, the total energy released per revolution not exceed 400KJ. (original rule 5.2.3)
2 car stop during refueling, the system can not increase the KERS energy storage. (RegulationThe original 5.2.4)
3 racing engine, gearbox, clutch, differential and KERS and all controlled by the ECU activation mechanism, must be specified by the FIA ECU suppliers (i.e. standard McLaren provided ECU). (Original rule 8.2.1)
The current version of Rule 09 restrictions on the KERS and nothing more!
four: the principle of the two technologies KERS system and its advantages and disadvantages (the focus of this article)
In the FIA loose framework of rules, there are two principles of the technology now KERS systems under development: the flywheel kinetic energy recovery system and battery – motor kinetic energy recovery system. Below, we will R & D background, technical principles, parameters indicators, technical difficulties and advantages and disadvantages of the five aspects of its program in detail. First talk has been around for a “flywheel kinetic energy recovery system.”
A, R & D background
This is a technical program will use the Renault, Williams intends to buy! In early 2007, subject to the support of Renault, the Renault F1 Team’s two engineers Jon – Hilton and Doug – Cross left the headquarters Ensto (enstone) specialized in Silverstone formed a company called “Flybrid Systems LLP” s company. Here, Flybrid two English words flywheel (flywheel) and hybrid (hybrid) combination of words, which we translated as “flywheel hybrid system company” [Note: hereinafter collectively referred to as FB company].