1
Introduction
Henry Ford (Henry Ford, 1863 Nian 7 30 – April 8, 1947) US auto engineer and entrepreneur, founder of Ford Motor company. He is also the world’s first mass-produced automobile assembly line using the man’s. His mode of production make the car become a mass product, it is not only a revolution in industrial production, but also for modern society and culture played a huge impact. American scholar Michael Hart’s book “influence the course of history Celebrity 100 list,” a book, Henry Ford is the only list of entrepreneurs.
2
personal experience
childhood story
Henry Ford did not always pay attention in school. One day, he and a friend took a watch apart. The teacher was very angry, let them stay after school to watch repaired before returning home. But the teacher did not know young Ford ‘s genius. In ten minutes, this mechanical wizard had repaired the watch on the way home.
in how things work Ford was always interested. He once plugged up the spout of the teapot, then put the teapot on the stove. He then waited to see what would happen. Of course, the water boiled into steam. Since the steam no way to escape, the teapot exploded. The explosion cracked a mirror and broke a window. The young inventor was badly scalded.
years later, Ford’s curiosity and tinkering paid off. He dreamed of a horseless carriage. After he built a car like this, the transport sector took place a permanent change.
Early experience
Henry Ford was born in Wayne County, Michigan 史普林威尔 town (SpringwellsTownship, WayneCounty, MI.), The town is today Debao city (Dearborn, MI.) A part of.
Ford’s parents, William and Mary Ford, immigrants from Ireland, Ford was born on a farm owned by his parents, his six children is long. He grew interested in the machinery. At the age of 12 he spent a lot of time to build up its own mechanical workshop, at the age of 15 he personally built an internal combustion engine.
In 1879 he left his home to go to Detroit to do mechanic apprentice, upon graduation he entered the Westinghouse Electric Company. In 1888 he married. In 1891 Ford became an engineer company Edison lighting. When he was promoted to master engineer in 1893, he had to carry out his personal research on the internal combustion engine enough time and money. In 1896 he built his first car, he named it “wagon” (Quadricycle).
set up a company
after which he left Edison and other inventors lighting company, and together they founded the Detroit Automobile Company. But the company soon went bankrupt because Ford one would like to study at the expense of a new car selling cars. He let his car with the other company car game to prove superiority of his car. His second own company, Henry Ford, the company’s main product is his car, he drove himself even October 10, 1901 to win. But soon his sponsors would force him to leave the Henry Ford, after which the company was renamed Cadillac.
and Ford and 11 other investors and $ 280 million in funding to establish the Ford Motor Company in 1903. His newly designed car with only 39.4 seconds to open over a mile, was a famous racing car named Ford athletes these type 999, and took him around the United States. As a result, Ford became famous in the United States.
In 1908 Ford introduced the Model T Ford. From 1909 to 1913, Ford’s Model T in several times to win the game. 1913 Ford out of the race because of his dissatisfaction with the rules of the competition. This time he did not need to participate in the competition, because TType is already very famous. Ford introduced the assembly line the same year his factory, thereby tremendously increase the production capacity. In 1918 half the car running in the United States is T-shaped. Ford paid great attention to the protection and Chang Yang T-shaped design. (Ford says: “Any customer can these car painted any color that he would, as long as it retains its black.”) This design is maintained until 1927. 1927 Ford produced a total of 15 million Model T. After 45 years it will be a world record.
with the Nazis
in September 1930 in Germany, a number of signs that Henry Ford had funded Hitler Adolf Hitler in the early to participate in politics. Some Germans call received contributions from Ford to Hitler in the 1920s. But in 1933 the US Congress investigation has not really able to determine the flow of donations in Germany.
before the outbreak of World War II, Ford Motor Company to participate in Germany’s military buildup. For example: in 1938 in Berlin, the company opened a truck assembly plant provides for the German army. In July that year, Ford was awarded the Grand Cross of the German Eagle, the highest medal Nazi Germany granted to foreigners. Ford is the first American to get this medal. The reason is that Ford honors “the automobile has become a pioneer in the work of public goods made.” Hitler personally wrote a letter of congratulations.
Henry Ford and his son Edsel together in Michigan in 1936 founded the Ford Foundation. It is the beginning of a local welfare organization, which aims to widely promote human welfare. The Foundation for the development of fast, by 1950 it had become a national and international organizations.
last days
At the end of the war, Ford has been very ill. September 21, 1945 he gave way to his grandson Henry Ford II. April 7, 1947 he died in the home or in the home Depot, enjoy life 83-year-old was buried in the Ford Cemetery in Detroit.
3
Historical figures
1863 Greenfield was born in Michigan City, July 30th. Irish immigrant father, brothers Henry 6 people ranked first.
Henry became a self-steam technology division. 1887 Detroit Edison Electric Light Company into a technician, later was promoted to chief engineer.
his painstaking design of the car, a 1896 pilot made two-cylinder air-cooled four-horsepower car. 1898 resignation. After the 1899 establishment of the Detroit car companies, but produced only 25 cars easy to January 1901 bankruptcy.
1903 June 16 Ford Motor Company was established again, and has served as general manager. In the same year, the first company to produce a Ford. 1908 Ford has made the T-Ford. This popular popular car, selling in Europe.
in 1911 built the first car assembly plant in Kansas City, Missouri.
In 1908, the world’s first to produce a Model T revolutionized the American way of life.
In 1913, Ford founded the world’s first automobile assembly line. This flow process came to be known as “Fordism”, and widely promoted throughout the world. This system is organized on the basis of mass production to standardize on, and all mechanization and automation, high productivity of labor has become a form of production organization.
In 1914, the first eight hours pay $ 5 wage to workers, to change the way American workers.
In 1915, US President Woodrow Wilson met with Ford, praised Ford Motor Company.
In 1919 Henry bought the shares of other shareholders of the company, the exclusive company. He also used the funds to expand production Citibank, the company became the 20th century, the world’s biggest car company. Ford himself called “car king”, whose family became one of the United States several major chaebol.
In 1921, US President Harding met with Ford, praised “You created one of the most remarkable companies in the United States.”
In 1927, the company ceased production Model T Ford, began manufacturing the new Model A. 1932 beganV-8 car manufacture. Now the company has achieved diverse operations, both manufacturing, assembly and sale of cars (Ford, Mercury, Lincoln, Continental brand), trucks, tractors and related parts and accessories, but also the development, production and consumption with and aerospace industry (including communication and Meteosat) of electronic products and appliances.
In 1929, US President Hoover Ford Museum participated in the inauguration ceremony.
In 1936, Henry Ford and his son Edsel together in Michigan founded the Ford Foundation. It is the beginning of a local welfare organization whose purpose is to widely promote human welfare. The group will develop very fast, by 1950 it had become a national and international organizations.
In 1943, Henry’s only son Ai Desai’s death, he took command of the company for many companies to their grandson – Henry Ford II.
In 1946, the “golden car 50 years” because Ford’s contribution to the automotive industry and awarded him an honorary award; “New York Times” commented: Ford is not only the founder of the Ford Motor Company, but also led the entire the development of the automotive industry
April 3, 1947, Henry – Ford died. His day, all American automobile production line shut down one minute funeral in honor of the “automobile industry Copernicus.”
in 1999, “Fortune” magazine named the Ford “the greatest of the 20th century entrepreneurs “, in recognition of his and Ford Motor Co. on human development made by the
2005″ Forbes “magazine published the most influential history of 20 entrepreneurs, ranked Henry Ford top title: “my life and work.”
4
management thinking
grasp purse
in 1896, Detroit Henry Ford put the first one, “gasoline carriage” opened on the street; in August 1899, 37 years old, he resigned from the power company, engaged in all the energy from the steamCar career. Firmly support his wife. Control of Enterprise’s purse is the first step to achieve the dream of technology experts.
At first he (Cadillac predecessor) in Detroit car companies when the chief engineer, three workshop-style production, he resigned again, determined to “never directed against others.” Ford 1903 Motor company, capital of $ 100,000, at first he shares is 25.5 percentage.
“Despite previous lessons, but I still want to develop the company’s own shares is less than a controlling stake,” Henry Ford later recalled, “but soon I found myself must have a controlling stake. “when production reached 100 a day when some shareholders feeling insecure, they tried to stop Henry Ford management company. And his answer is: “I hope that one day long ago the production of 1000.”
In 1906, Henry Ford holds a 51 percent stake with the earned money, not long before they holdings to 58.5 percentage; to 1919, his son Edsel to $ 75 million to buy the remaining 41.5 percentage shares.
“a factory in order to obtain real economic benefits, we must go all out to produce a product.” Henry Ford recognized, “Financial policy is determined by my sales strategy, I believe puerile than less lucrative sell much better. “this also means unprecedented risk. If Ford was subject to investment funds, after the stable profitability difficult “amazing jump” into an unprecedented “mass consumer market,” – which means simple varieties, large scale production, low-cost distribution network.
Ford magically developed rapidly. Since history is written by the victors, since it exists only in mature markets had Henry Ford’s mind, since he won the bet, so he was right. Ability
factory owners had financial control by the challenge of Wall Street. At the end of 1920, the war inflated automobile industry suffered a downturn on Wall Street predict Ford needs a lot of working capital. Prior to the Ford family bought all the shares of the company, and in the early months of 1921 to pay $ 58 million – only $ 20 million at this time on Ford’s bank account.
taking into account the long-standing prejudice against Henry Ford’s financial capital, lending practices of Wall Street happy. A treatment program are: to borrow money. In exchange for huge loans to banks on behalf of Ford served as chief financial officer. Henry Ford launched to explore the potential of the internal fighting. He appointed his son as chief financial officer of the company, to clean up redundant during the war, withdraw money abroad, are free to sell bonds and sell products.
In late January 1921, a company-wide ten thousand backbone (foreman, junior foreman and assistant foreman) gathered at the core of the plant started. The reduction of indirect costs per vehicle from $ 146 to $ 93 (yield more than 4000 a day); through improved freight, shorten the production cycle from 20 days to 14 days, this one will make an inventory of $ 28 million! The end result: After Ford left the company to repay debt of $ 27.3 million in cash.
“to expand production and to borrow money is one thing, to compensate for errors and waste management and borrowing money is another matter.” Strikes Back on shore industrial capitalists reflection, “the banker actually by controlling his credit and controls the general entrepreneur banker had too comfortable. “
master core technologies and materials [123 ]
Ford an approximately 5000 members. Mastery of the production of the core materials, technology, key components of mass production premise. Initially, Ford assembled in a factory in the whole car, and later because of their manufacturing parts, began departmentalization, each department is only responsible for one thing. Under the fine division of labor, reduce the purchase of Ford parts to the outside, but on the outside parts manufacturing plant. High degree of standardization, the height of the industrial division of labor is no longer concentrated in a large factory.
with the automotive industry is the cornerstone of steel materials. In 1905, Henry Ford in a racing car found French steel great, very light but also toughness. After the study, they know that the French have a composition of vanadium steel. US steel mills are able to produce, they know how to find a British production, has found a small blast furnace steel mills to do the test, began with 20 different steel to manufacture all kinds of parts.
automobile production requires a lot of coal. These coal mines directly from FordBy Detroit, and Ford controlled multi Torrey Elton rail to Highland Park factory and covers an area of 665 acres of the Rogue River plant. Wherein a portion of a coke oven for which by – product gas is used for the heat treatment. Originally the gas will be purchased.
of the material enough to affect the stability of production, parts and components “are not in the arms”, making the production Ford is not affected by weather, war. In contrast, during the war, in addition to their manufacturing submarines for the Navy, the Army manufactured tanks, also provides a 5000 tractor for the British farm. Prestigious Ford Model T was the first car model to use its own engine manufacturing, but also in the eyes of Henry Ford’s “final model.”
“No title Management”
“trees heavy ground covered with beautiful round berries, …… duties strictly limited within the berry of his girth.” The farmer’s son described the “office politics.” . “A group of people together to work, not to write to each other; for people, in order to work together, do not need to love one another.” He believes that “a large number of labor unrest were originated in those lower-level managers unjustly exercise . power “
in the internal management, the Ford Motor company to promote maximum” no title management “:” There is no particular duties attached to any office, not on a series of lower power levels, and almost no title no meeting …… no red tape. “
” no one boasts of being the president of a bankrupt bank. overall, the enterprise is difficult to manage skillfully, it can not give the helmsman like pride. “According to experience, found not difficult person to be lifted, but who wants to be promoted. Because not many people get more money at the same time hope, but also hope to accept more responsibility and work.
but this is normal. This is better than any title according to the division of responsibilities, to get job promotion as goals. “We have no position prepared in advance, we are always looking for the best position themselves. This is very easy to do, because there is always work.” Henry Ford said, “When you consider that get the job done instead of when looking for a suitable title for the lifting of a wanted person, there would be no lifting of difficult. “
5
high wages + benefits
“As a leader, the employer’s goal should be, any more than the same industry, a company . can give higher wages the workers’ wages Henry Ford’s idea of the concept of “enlightened self-interest thinking”: workers get the minimum wage of $ 6 a day; take the lead in working hours reduced from nine hours to eight hours. He does not advocate hiring “working parents”, because the mother went out to work is “the child of sin.”
“high wages” There is a meaning. After analysis, the 7882 work in 4034 does not need to have a complete physical abilities. This became the theoretical basis for the Ford factory employment of people with disabilities. Tens of thousands of people with disabilities get equal normal wages.
Besides the salary, benefits. Conditions enjoy benefits are: married men burden of family life, as well as women “frugal” single men and raising relatives.
High binding wages helps achieve cost benefits. Factory workers have deep feelings, improve efficiency, increase savings endless creative approach. Workers often good advice from the serious work. With an overhead conveyor system to transport iron from the foundry to the machine shop, which saves 70 people for the Department of Transportation. It is estimated that Ford’s earnings resulting in savings of more than forty million US dollars: If you are saving a penny for each part, the total number up to millions of dollars a year. Cleaning garbage from a year can get $ 600,000; using a special screw year can save $ 500,000 ……
“wages mental problems solved nine-tenths.” Henry Ford summary Road. “Just as we do not know to what extent higher wages to the same, lower price and to what extent we do not know.” Welfare beneficiaries and even customers. Ford’s profit due to rapid cash flow and long-term to maintain at a high level. One year profit more than expected, so the company voluntary return of the owner of each vehicle to $ 50.
Henry Ford once said: The secret of success lies in his own foot into other people’s shoesAnd then with other people’s point of view of things, the service is such a spirit, standing position of the guests to see the whole world.
6
process decomposition, optimization
October 1, 1908, Ford introduced the Model T. Along with this “car of the century”, factory production management increasingly stable. Each foreman efficiency of his department are recorded every day. There are a variety of supervision include table of contents, a department if something is wrong, immediately yield table can be displayed.
for the automaker this trouble, “the decomposition process, optimization” was advancing resolutely and thoroughly, and the effect is amazing. In an example of the piston rod assembly according to the old method, the assembly 28 individuals per day 175 – 3 minutes and 5 seconds each; foremen after analysis operation using a stopwatch, the time for half found back and forth, the operation of each to be six so he transformed the process, the workers into three groups – no longer need to move around, and the bench tops the pulley drive – now seven people will be able to assemble 2600 per day.
Almost every week, Ford are on the machine or work program carried out some improvements. Small scale of production when the factory was tired and dirty need 17 people to clean up burr specialized gear; with a dedicated machine, four people can easily dry a few dozen people live. After 37 people had a special camshaft straighten stove with a new stove, under increasing production as long as eight people ……
to break down and for optimizing production processes, indicating the production history of the most It has the power of subversion. Henry Ford on this basis, have created an unprecedented pipeline.