.
1 fuel consumption
Introduction:
Fuel consumption: commonly known as the car is moving completed 100 km fuel consumption the amount.
cars mainly economic indicators is represented by fuel consumption, car use is an important performance properties. In particular, China must implement the fuel tax, fuel consumption parameters of the car will have special significance. Fuel consumption parameter refers to the amount of fuel consumed by cars with one hundred kilometers (to ldquo; l rdquo; “L” is the unit of measurement). In our country these indicators are automobile factory according to the test standards set by the state, through prototype testing was out. It includes constant cycle fuel consumption and fuel consumption.
constant fuel consumption (Constant-Speed Fuel Economy): constant fuel consumption means the fuel economy of automobiles index constant speed driving on good roads when. Because of constant travel is a basic condition of the car is running on the road, with this easy to measure fuel consumption, it is widely adopted. Such as France and Germany put 90Km / h and 120Km / h of constant fuel consumption as the main targets fuel economy. China is also using this indicator. Marked on the domestic automotive manuals hundred kilometers, it is generally constant fuel consumption. However, the automobile often the work of a variety of acceleration, deceleration, braking and engine idling, etc. In actual driving, so constant speed fuel consumption is often low, there is a large difference between the actual fuel consumption. Especially for often make short trips in the city car, the difference is even greater.
cycle path fuel (Fuel Economy of Chassis Dynamometer Test Cycles): cycle path fuel consumption, a car on the road for fuel economy index measured during repeated cycles of travel in accordance with the vehicle speed and the time specification, also known as multi-cycle fuel consumption of road conditions. Vehicle speed and time specifications, each cycle comprising a predetermined power condition of all driving, and predetermined for eachCycle time shifting, braking and stop time, and the traveling speed, acceleration, deceleration and braking values. Therefore, this method for determining the fuel economy, the car closer to the actual driving situation. American Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has developed SAEJ10926 road cycling test specifications, are widely used. This specification includes four different cycles: urban, suburban, interstate (55Mile / h) and interstate (70Mile / h). In understanding the fuel economy of US vehicles, it should be used to distinguish what kind of cycle to be compared.
Calculation
fuel consumption:
1, theoretical stage fuel consumption test
(weight of the car is full or full load) to the engine stand on the bench, temperature control, fan blowing the front, back water to bring the load, simulated vehicle driving state, and calculates the control computer and is drawn: power, or power, torque, cylinder pressure, intake and exhaust temperature, one hundred kilometers and other data such as fuel consumption curve table. The one hundred kilometers fuel consumption and other data with you the actual data is not the same, is a challenge for manufacturers of engine and vehicle data for debugging. Data on the car is to use promotional materials and some of this data; data on some cars propaganda is based on the authority of the two fuel consumption test results are given after re-correction data such as fuel consumption of one hundred kilometers. We generally drive data higher than this, individuals with fuel-efficient way downwind, downhill and more on the way, and do everything possible to inaccurate measurement of the number of fuel is lower than the manufacturer data on the promotional materials. Even worse is what the fuel economy competition, to minimize the weight of the car (not the full weight of the car), what barefoot, free sliding, back empty boxes, etc., then what is the point to run and no fuel consumption .
2, the authority of the measurement of fuel consumption
in a special experiment yard track special, predetermined humidity, pressure, tire pressure, etc., of constant at full load (weighing sit and the full weight increase with the back box); cutting the original vehicle fuel supply system with a special measuring instruments (a graduated measuring cup, flow meters, etc.), one hundred meters or several tens of run in an oil cup in the measuring instrument (not counting after the fuel consumption during acceleration, we can not glide) to loop data to calculate two hundred kilometers fuel consumption, etc., etc. removed.
3, more accurate measurement of fuel consumption
Experimental selected by specialized people way, predetermined humidity, pressure, tire pressure, etc., of constant at full load (the back and the filled weighing box plus counterweight); special tank with a graduated after running for 100 km circuit (fuel consumption can be calculated into acceleration, but not sliding), two data calculated actual fuel consumption and the like in addition to one hundred kilometers.
4, more trouble fuel consumption tests
The actual fuel consumption test drive the vehicle of newspapers and magazines by newspapers, magazines, organization of specialized people choose ordinary experimental way, at the same gas station with the same after refueling gun and draw the parking position of the front and rear wheels on the ground, when the oil is applied to just flow out slowly, possibly under conditions of full or not full, the basic constant velocity of 100 kilometers after running back to the same gas station position, with the same fueling gun again slowly added to the oil tanker look at several hundred kilometers to calculate actual fuel consumption data (full of people did not do, back box did not increase with the weight) when just flows out. The one hundred kilometers fuel consumption data including acceleration, deceleration, and a small amount of oil revenues error glide and personal driving skills; we are closer to the actual economic data over long distances at speed, or a little sense.
5, normal fuel consumption simple and feasible test can often use the
we can fix the gas station (a good selection, measurement accurate, old gas station), the same gas station using the same refueling gun oil is added slowly to jump the gun or when added to just flow out. At this time, the zero odometer, a trip can be specifically or 100 kilometers long, may be used mileage is actually work, go to attach the fuel tank when the emergency lights, and then the same stations with the same fuel oil gun or added to jump the gun slowly added to increase the number of computing time just flows out into the oil. Hundred kilometers fuel consumption is calculated by adding the oil and run several kilometers. 100 km run, for example, adding 7.3 liters of oil, is 7.3 liters hundred kilometers (with the fuel tank of an emergency light does not light). Another example is when the fuel tank is attached ran emergency lights, added to 36 liters of petrol stations, see odometer is 450 km; to 4.5 with 36 liters is obtained in addition to 8, this is your eight hundred kilometers. As another example you just ran 140 kilometers, on the same gas station added 9.3 liters of oil, it is 1.4 by 9.3 liters except with 6.64, 6.64 this is your hundred kilometers. No matter how you calculate fuel consumption, you have to be the same fuel, the outflowOr to jump the gun. This is closer to the long-distance data you actually run the car, suburban commonly used data or commute traffic jam in the city, smooth data. This is the practical significance, but manufacturers and data does not match, it was more than someone less fuel consumption and fuel consumption is your road conditions, distance, driving technologies. When
6, fuel consumption can be simply calculated by reference
to fill the oil after the jump to the automatic gun, the fuel tank is attached to the drive foot just emergency lamp lit, to see how many kilometers run. After reduction with 50 liters 15 liters, straightforward calculation of fuel consumption. For example, he ran 420 kilometers, with 35 liters was again 4.2 8.333, 8.333 this is your actual coarser hundred kilometers in addition to 50 l get back by 15 liters.
affect fuel consumption of several bad driving habits
1, see empty when you grab the driving habits of
In everyday driving, especially in the TAC can poor, a red light, when changing lanes, common to this phenomenon: the adjacent lane just have a point when empty, here, a car suddenly accelerated squeeze passed, later had to hit the brakes. Stay a while, here lane free when he stepped on the gas and crowded back. Such as a signal that he can hard acceleration, emergency stop four or five times. It looked very chic, very impressive, very angry, but at the cost of greatly increased fuel consumption. Increase the number of experts have done to accelerate with fuel consumption test: after the vehicles are a constant speed into the test section, the test driver with throttle in the end, complete the required travel distance after the discovery, fuel consumption increased by 2 to 3 times higher than a constant speed.
2, low-speed high-speed long-distance driving habits
This occurred in the novice driver who also often occurs in children of God by car easy going person. Three-block long-distance high-speed driving, the fuel consumption ratio to increase the fourth gear 10 normal traffic percentage, whereas if the second gear instead of third gear driving, fuel consumption will increase.
Modern cars are predetermined for shifting, the engine speed must be reached after a predetermined number of revolutions many upshift, this is from the perspective of protecting the engine starting. But some people go to extremes, until the number of engine revolutions exceeds the specified many after the upshift, it can also cause fuel waste. Experts believe that: high-speed low-speed certainly cost oil. High-speed low-speed certainly fuel-efficient.
3, unnecessary high speed
various countries in the worldThe maximum speed for ordinary road almost every limit, the United States is 55 miles (88.5 km), good road sections relaxed to 65 miles (105 kilometers). So, American cars into the US market as well as targeted models designed in pursuit of the lowest fuel consumption during 90 km. This is what we call economic speed. Any economy has a car speed, driving in the most fuel-efficient speed, the speed is lower than or higher than the rate of fuel consumption will rise again after more than a certain speed, fuel consumption will rise significantly. China’s highway speed limit is 110 km, some sections to allow up to 120 kilometers. But many people in highway driving, will greatly exceed this rate, neither safe nor economical. The Buick GS sedan at 70 kilometers per hour, 6.47 l fuel consumption; while speeds up to 120 km, the fuel consumption is increased to 9.46 liters; if it reaches maximum speed 200 km, the fuel consumption will greatly increase.
One thing should be noted that, bad driving habits greater impact on large displacement cars fuel consumption, large displacement cars because of the large reserve power, acceleration, speeding and strong ability to open up the driver dared ldquo; do free movement rdquo ;, wanted to drill, wanted super car. The power reserve small low-emission vehicles, speed, low speed capability, there is no drive to squeeze the air when the ultra-high speed of interest.
reduction method:
a summer inspection to check the air conditioning system is essential
air conditioning failure could also fuel a very important reason, if air conditioning and refrigeration effect is not good, a lot of people will increase the wind speed and reduce the temperature to achieve the cool effect. In view of the summer air-conditioning will directly affect the fuel consumption of the car, the owner must be timely maintenance and inspection of air conditioning. It is worth mentioning that, in addition to air conditioning failure, air-conditioning cooling network (condenser) covered with dust, etc. will directly affect the cooling effect, the owner of the condenser should be cleaned to ensure that air conditioning work in good condition.
Second, the frequent Jicha is the main reason leading to higher fuel consumption residence
frequent Jicha, is the main reason leading to high fuel consumption. The hybrid models with data stored kinetic energy from the show, its fuel consumption is lower than the same level models about 40 percentage, the data from this side is also reflected in the high overall fuel consumption of the city, with frequent Jicha, relationship obvious.
to ensure the safety of the vehicle while traveling, take advantage of the inertia of the vehicle. To 300 meters ahead at the bit has a red light, for example, a vehicle speed just referred to 40km / h, can glide to the intersection by inertia. But many car owners driving, continues to accelerate, the speed has been reached when approaching traffic light intersection of 60 km / hour, they had mad brakes, fuel consumption during acceleration is wasted.
Reminder: Only in the event of an emergency will vigorously brakes while driving near the intersection and parking brakes should be kept gentle. If your right foot is in the long-term use of high-strength brake and throttle status, and that speaks your driving habits need to be corrected promptly.
Third, relying on the inertia running is the key to saving the
ldquo; inertia driving rdquo; fuel-efficient is well known, but the actual survey found that the owners really good use inertia of traffic, not much see. Reporters on the ldquo; time stepped on the accelerator and the brakes of the time rdquo; often for nearly 20 random interviews Chancheng urban driving owners found that more than half of the owners said, the brakes accounting for at least 1 urban travel time / 3, vehicles, traffic lights is the main reason.
Fourth, the low-emission vehicle air conditioning should not open too much
In the vehicle sun exposure after the car should immediately open air. Reasonable approach is to open the windows (also opened the door), without the open air of the fan tone set higher gear, driving away the heat inside the car, and other vehicles moderate cooling, the air conditioning is turned on again. In addition to proper open air outside when driving, fan speed should be as low as possible. Set the air temperature should not be too low, generally around 25 ℃ more appropriate. For non-automatic manually adjusting the thermostat of the air conditioner, it is recommended to take off the passenger no air, so that cool air in the cab focus, which effectively saving fuel consumption.