1. Introduction
sump (Oil Pan) in the lower engine: removable, and sealing a crankcase sump of the housing. The lower half of the crankcase oil pan, also known under the crankcase. Acting as a closed crankcase sump housing, to prevent impurities from entering, and the collection and storage of the lubricating oil flowing back from the friction surface of the diesel engine, part of the heat dispersed to prevent oxidation of the lubricating oil. Multi sump stamped from thin steel plate, more complex shape generally cast iron or an aluminum alloy casting molding. Stabilizing oil with the internal baffles, in order to avoid oil surface caused by the shock bumps Jijian diesel, lubricating oil is conducive to the precipitation of impurities, with the side dipstick for checking oil. In addition, the bottom of the oil pan is also equipped with the lowest drain plug.
2, wet sump
Most vehicles are available in the market to meet wet sump, the reason is named wet sump engine crank of the crank and connected the bulk of the rod in each crankshaft revolution will be immersed once, lubricate lubricating oil within the oil pan, and because the high speed of the crankshaft, crank high speed every time immersed in the oil pool will evoke some of the oil slick and oil mist, for crankshaft and bearing lubrication called splash lubrication. Thus there is a requirement for certain liquid level in the lubricating oil in the oil pan, if too low, the crankshaft and connecting rod bellcrank not immersed in the lubricating oil, resulting in a lack of smooth lubrication and crankshaft and connecting rod bearing shell ; If the lubricant level is too high will lead to immerse the entire bearing, the rotational resistance of the crankshaft is increased, resulting in engine performance degradation, while the lubricating oil easily into the cylinder combustion chamber, causing the engine burning oil, spark plug fouling problems. 
This lubrication structure is simple, without a separate oil tank, but the inclination of the work vehicle is not too large, otherwise they will be off the oil leakage accident caused burning Guevara cylinder.
3, dry sump
used in many dry sump engine of the car. It does not store the oil in the oil pan, the more accurate to say that there is no oil sump. These movements the friction surface of the crankcase are lubricated by the oil pressure of the one orifice. As the dry sump engine oil sump cancel the storage function of the height of the original oil pan is greatly reduced, the height of the engine also will be reduced, lowering the center of gravity is in favor of the benefits of control. The main advantage is to avoid those unfavorable phenomena due to the intense driving resulting from wet sump to occur.
However, because all the pressure of the lubricating oil from the oil pump to be. The oil pump is powered by rotation from the crankshaft gear is connected through. Although the need to provide a pressure although wet sump engine lubrication oil pump camshaft. But this pressure is very small, oil pump power required is very small. However, in the dry sump engine, this lubrication pressure requires much larger strength. And oil pump size is also better than wet sump engine oil pump much larger. So this time powered oil pump also needs some more. This is the same as the supercharged engine oil pump need to consume part of the power of the engine. Especially in high speed, the engine speed increases, the friction member also exercise intensity increases, the lubricating oil is also required more, so it is necessary to provide greater pressure oil pump, the power consumption of the crankshaft also intensified.
Obviously this design is not suitable for ordinary civilian car engine, because it requires the loss of part of the engine’s power, not only will affect the power output, but also not conducive to improving the economy. So only with dry sump on large displacement or high-power engines, such as those for the intense driving a sports car born. Lamborghini example is the use of dry sump design for it, it is more important to improve the lubricating effect of the limit and obtain a lower center of gravity, and the power loss can be recovered by increasing other emissions, etc. As for the economy sex, this model is completely without consideration.