Usually a driveline clutch, transmission, universal transmission, final drive, differential and axle shafts and other components. The basic function of which is emitted by power of the engine to the drive wheels of the vehicle, generating a driving force, so that cars can travel at a certain speed.
1. Transmission Profile
For the rear-drive car, the engine torque is sequentially sent through the clutch, gearbox, universal joints, drive shaft, the main reducer, differential, axle rear wheel passed, so the rear wheel is also known as drive wheels. Get driving wheel torque would give the ground a backward force, and therefore face the driving wheel to produce a forward reaction, this reaction is the driving force of the car. Automotive front wheel drive train and generally do not directly contact the power, so called the driven wheel.
The composition and arrangement of the drive train with different types of engines, the installation location, and automotive applications varies. For example, off-road vehicles with four-wheel drive, then it increases the driveline splitter assembly and the like. As for the front engine front drive vehicle, it is no driveline transmission shaft means.
2. Transmission arrangement pattern
Common mechanical transmission line arrangement pattern position and the pattern primarily with the driving engine of the automobile concerned. Can be divided into:
1, rear-drive -FR: i.e. front-engine, rear-drive
This is a conventional arrangement pattern. Most trucks at home and abroad, some cars and some buses have adopted this type.
2, the rear drive -RR: i.e. rear engine, rear-drive
of the Bus adopt this type of arrangement, a small amount of micro, light cars of this type also used . Rear engine, front axle overload is not easy, and can more fully utilize the trunk area, may effectively reduce the height of the vehicle floor or the full use of space in the middle cars disposed luggage floor, and also help reduce the temperature of the engine noise the impact of the driver. The disadvantage is that the difference between the engine cooling conditions, certain faults running is not easily perceived by the driver. Remotely operated control mechanism also complicates maintenance adjustments inconvenience. However, due to the advantages of more prominent, more and more on a large bus applications.
3, pre-precursor -FF: front-engine, front-drive
This type of control mechanism is simple, the engine cooling conditions. But the quality of the automobile move uphill, the front drive wheels of reduced mass is attached, the drive wheels slippery; since the vehicle mass forward, the front wheel overload, high speed roll phenomenon tends to take place when going downhill braking. Today, most cars take this type of arrangement.
4, off-road vehicle drive train
is generally off-road vehicle all-wheel driveMoving, front-engine, with the transmission in the transmitting power splitter to all the wheels. Light off-road vehicle commonly used 4 × 4 driving type, medium-sized off-road vehicle use or 4 × 4 type drive 6 × 6; general use of heavy-duty off-road vehicle or a 6 × 6 8 × 8 drive type.
3. Driveline principle
and the AT transmission system structure as compared to manual transmission, are very different in structure and use. Manual transmission mainly composed of gears and shafts, the transmission torque variation produced by the different gear combinations thereof; and the AT transmission system is a torque converter, a planetary gear and hydraulic control system components, and through a combination of hydraulic transmission gear to achieve variable speed torque. AT transmission system wherein the torque converter is the most characteristic part, which consists of a pump wheel, a turbine, and a stator composed of other components, it is directly input to the engine power and torque transmission, while having the clutch action. The turbine wheel and the pump is a combination of the work, like they are oppositely placed two fans, a fan wind blowing fan blade will lead to further rotation of the media has become a wind kinetic energy, and if a liquid instead of air has become kinetic energy transmission medium, a liquid pump driven by the turbine wheel will be rotating, and then between the impeller and the turbine stator together, the difference in rotational speed can be achieved by a variable speed torque reactive force between the pump impeller and the turbine. Since the torque converter of the automatic transmission torque variation range is not large enough, so the turbine back again several series Top planetary gear efficiency, hydraulic control system will work with its own actuating the planetary gear of the engine changes, so that the automatic transmission torque converter. Automatic indexing auxiliary mechanism can not meet the needs of a variety of travel, e.g. parking, reverse, etc., i.e. it is also provided with intervention means HandMovable lever, flag P (parking), R (posterior), N (vacancies), D (forward position), the other is also provided with forward bit “2” and “l” additional gear to start or on the slopes purposes. Since the area which is divided into several transmission section speed ratio, and only in a predetermined section is stepless transmission, a driveline is actually so AT between the stepped automatic transmission and a stepless interposed.
Automatic Transmissions generally of two types: an automatic transmission of driving torque to the front; another hydraulic drive automatic transmission for the first front. Hydraulic automatic transmission electronic control receives the electrical signals input from the various sensors on the vehicle by the powertrain control module to determine the operating conditions of hydraulic automatic transmission according to the vehicle use conditions of the information processing. According to these conditions, the power transmission control module sends a command to the actuator, and the following functions: l-position and the down position of the transmission; Fair transposition by manipulating a pair of electrons in the solenoid valve ON / OFF of the two states converter; by electroporation the pilot pressure control solenoid valve for adjusting the line hydraulic pressure; controlled converter clutch engagement and disengagement of time by controlling the electromagnetic valve, and some applications of the torque converter lock-up clutch feeling.
The automatic transmission is mainly l-bit control bits and descending in accordance with the vehicle speed sensor, a throttle position sensor, and the degree of the driver depresses the accelerator pedal.